{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:42:22Z","timestamp":1772160142104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YJ0156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YJ0156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFS0417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the sex\u2010 and time\u2010specific causal effects of obesity\u2010related anthropometric traits on glycaemic traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization to assess the causal associations of anthropometric traits (gestational variables, birth weight, childhood body mass index [BMI], BMI, waist\u2010to\u2010hip ratio [WHR], BMI\u2010adjusted WHR [WHR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      BMI]) with fasting glucose and insulin in Europeans from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009298\u2009142), the UK Biobank, the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits Consortium (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009697\u2009734; females:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009434\u2009794; males:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009374\u2009754) and the Meta\u2010Analyses of Glucose and Insulin\u2010related traits Consortium (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009151\u2009188; females:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u200973\u2009089; males:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u200967\u2009506), adjusting for maternal genetic effects, smoking, alcohol consumption, and age at menarche.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed a null association for gestational variables, a negative association for birth weight, and positive associations for childhood BMI and adult traits (BMI, WHR, and WHR\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      BMI). In female participants, increased birth weight causally decreased fasting insulin (beta\n                      <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                      , \u22120.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] \u22120.11 to \u22120.03;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.92\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), but not glucose levels, which was annulled by adjusting for age at menarche. In male participants, increased birth weight causally decreased fasting glucose (beta\n                      <jats:sub>inverse\u2010variance\u2010weighted (IVW)<\/jats:sub>\n                      , \u22120.07, 95% CI \u22120.11 to \u22120.03;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.22\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), but not insulin levels. In time\u2010specific analyses, independent effects of birth weight were absent in female participants, and were more pronounced in male participants. Independent effects of childhood BMI were attenuated in both sexes; independent effects of adult traits differed by sex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide evidence for causal and independent effects of sex\u2010 and time\u2010specific anthropometric traits on glycaemic variables, and highlight the importance of considering multiple obesity exposures at different time points in the life course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T04:09:39Z","timestamp":1705637379000},"page":"1443-1453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex\u2010 and time\u2010specific associations of obesity with glycaemic traits: A two\u2010step multivariate\n                    <scp>Mendelian<\/scp>\n                    randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guochen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaxian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu 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