{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:21:12Z","timestamp":1791512472581,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ70063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ70063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association of single\u2010point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index with future cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SPISE index (=\u2009600\u2009\u00d7\u2009high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol [mg\/dL]\n                      <jats:sup>0.185<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/triglycerides [mg\/dL]\n                      <jats:sup>0.2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009\u00d7\u2009body mass index [kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]\n                      <jats:sup>1.338<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was calculated in 10\u2009190 participants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to evaluate the association between SPISE index and future cardiovascular outcomes. Restricted cubic spline analyses and two\u2010piecewise linear regression models were employed to explore the nonlinear association and to determine the threshold value. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After fully adjusting for well\u2010established metabolic confounders, higher SPISE index was significantly associated with lower risk of future cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (major adverse cardiovascular event [MACE]): hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90\u20130.98,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0026; overall mortality: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86\u20130.93,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; cardiovascular disease [CVD] mortality: HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79\u20130.92,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; congestive heart failure (CHF): HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.67\u20130.78,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; major coronary events: HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87\u20130.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001. There was a nonlinear association between SPISE index and future cardiovascular outcomes (the threshold value was 5.68 for MACE, 5.71 for overall mortality, 4.64 for CVD mortality, 4.48 for CHF, and 6.09 for major coronary events, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher SPISE index was independently associated with lower risk of future cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients after full adjustment for well\u2010established metabolic confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T06:01:45Z","timestamp":1713160905000},"page":"2820-2829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Association of single\u2010point insulin sensitivity estimator index (SPISE) with future cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Simin","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinqun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9272-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha 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