{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:50:52Z","timestamp":1787755852952,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate growth\/differentiation factor 15 (GDF\u201015) levels in response to antiobesity medications, namely, liraglutide (Lira) and naltrexone\/bupropion (N\/B), in individuals with overweight or obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, non\u2010randomized clinical trial with a two\u2010arm, parallel design. A total of 42 individuals with overweight or obesity without type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. The participants received either Lira 3\u2009mg or N\/B 32\/360\u2009mg, along with diet and exercise, according to comorbidities, cost and method of administration. Participants underwent clinical and laboratory measurements at baseline, as well as at the 3\u2010 and 6\u2010month time points. Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis via bioelectrical impendence analysis were performed. Total blood samples for GDF\u201015 and H\u2010specific GDF\u201015 were collected in the fasting state and every 30 min for 3 h after the consumption of a standardized mixed meal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, participants' weight was reduced by 9.29\u2009\u00b1\u20095.34\u2009kg at Month 3 and 11.52\u2009\u00b1\u20097.52\u2009kg at Month 6. Total and H\u2010specific GDF\u201015 levels did not show significant changes during the mixed meal compared to values before the meal when all participants were examined at baseline, and at 3 and 6\u2009month follow\u2010ups. No statistical significance was found when participants were examined by subgroup (Lira vs. N\/B). No significant differences between treatment groups in postprandial area under the curve (AUC) or incremental AUC values were found at baseline or in the follow\u2010up months with regard to total and H\u2010specific GDF\u201015 levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neither total nor H\u2010specific GDF\u201015 levels are affected by Lira or N\/B treatment in patients with overweight or obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T05:34:07Z","timestamp":1715924047000},"page":"3147-3154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Total and\n                    <scp>H\u2010specific<\/scp>\n                    growth\/differentiation factor 15 levels are unaffected by liraglutide or naltrexone\/bupropion administration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6088-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia K.","family":"Konstantinidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5502-565X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Argyrakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Obesity Unit Athens Medical Center  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stamatia","family":"Simati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5512-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Stefanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5491-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kokkinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonis","family":"Analitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos S.","family":"Mantzoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts 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