{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:11:27Z","timestamp":1790957487926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005205","name":"Janssen Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005205","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the effect of canagliflozin on kidney and cardiovascular events and safety outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease across geographic regions and racial groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess efficacy and safety outcomes by geographic region and racial group. The primary composite outcome was a composite of end\u2010stage kidney disease (ESKD), doubling of the serum creatinine (SCr) level, or death from kidney or cardiovascular causes. Secondary outcomes included: (i) cardiovascular death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization; (ii) cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke; (iii) HF hospitalization; (iv) doubling of the SCr level, ESKD or kidney death; (v) cardiovascular death; (vi) all\u2010cause death; and (vii) cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, or hospitalization for HF or for unstable angina.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 4401 patients were divided into six geographic region subgroups: North America (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091182, 27%), Central and South America (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009941, 21%), Eastern Europe (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009947, 21%), Western Europe (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009421, 10%), Asia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009749, 17%) and Other (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009161, 4%). The analyses included four racial groups: White (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092931, 67%), Black or African American (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009224, 5%), Asian (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009877, 20%) and Other (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009369, 8%). Canagliflozin reduced the relative risk of the primary composite outcome in the overall trial by 30% (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.59\u20100.82;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.00001). Across geographic regions and racial groups, canagliflozin consistently reduced the primary composite endpoint without evidence of heterogeneity (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      values of 0.39 and 0.91, respectively) or significant safety outcome differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney and cardiovascular events similarly across geographic regions and racial groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T04:54:56Z","timestamp":1718772896000},"page":"3530-3540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Geographic and racial variability in kidney, cardiovascular and safety outcomes with canagliflozin: A secondary analysis of the\n                    <scp>CREDENCE<\/scp>\n                    randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4250-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Cardoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  California Los Angeles USA"},{"name":"Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0300-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Prince of Wales Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1838-3348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine St George Hospital  Kogarah New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Won","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Clinician Investigator Program University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8355-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine and VA Medical Center  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Bakris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Chicago Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Charytan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, New York University Langone Medical Center New York University School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick","family":"de Zeeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine University College London Medical School  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division of Peking University First Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlado","family":"Perkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine Royal North Shore Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Arnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney Medical School  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2438-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeera","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology Providence Health Care  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Mahaffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California 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