{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:00:06Z","timestamp":1792159206714,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant\u2010in Aid for Scientific Research (B) (21H02976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant\u2010in Aid for Scientific Research (B) (21H02976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To elucidate the effects of ultra\u2010processed foods (UPFs) on body weight and\n                      <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      energy intake compared with non\u2010UPFs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized, open\u2010label crossover study conducted at the University of Tokyo Hospital, overweight\/obese Japanese male participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to start the study with consumption of either UPFs or non\u2010UPFs for 1 week, followed by a 2\u2010week washout period, before crossing over to the alternate food diet for 1 week. Individuals with diabetes, hypertension or any other medical conditions who visited a hospital regularly were excluded. The meals were designed to be matched for the total energy and macronutrient levels. The primary outcome was the difference in the body weight change between the UPF and non\u2010UPF periods. The differences in the average daily energy intake and chewing frequency were assessed as one of the prespecified secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine eligible participants were randomly assigned to start the study with either UPFs or non\u2010UPFs. All participants completed the study. During the UPF period, participants gained 1.1\u2009kg more weight (95% confidence interval 0.2 to 2.0;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.021) and consumed 813.5\u2009kcal more per day (342.4 to 1284.7;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0041) compared with during the non\u2010UPF period. Regarding the chewing frequency, the number of chews per calorie was significantly lower during the UPF period (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.016).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consumption of UPFs causes significant weight gain. Medical nutritional therapy focused on reducing the consumption of UPFs could be an effective strategy for preventing obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:41:05Z","timestamp":1726188065000},"page":"5431-5443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Ultra\u2010processed foods cause weight gain and increased energy intake associated with reduced chewing frequency: A randomized, open\u2010label, crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Shoko","family":"Hamano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5084-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy The University of Tokyo Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Aihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy The University of Tokyo Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Usami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Education The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-2767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoto","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshimasa","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)32152\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12107"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"The star shines bright","volume":"7","author":"Monteiro CA","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980017000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017001379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741\u20102358.2012.00666.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2014.979317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare of Japan.Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2020).2020https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/shingi\/other-kenkou_539644.htmlAccessed July 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518001046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899\u20109007(97)91277\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114512005053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340\u2010020\u201000435\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.015164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2130160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665120006941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2009.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2009.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009\u20101018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2005.00178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017001574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.226365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.13192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198104093041507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dmso.s33473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav0556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6fo00107f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.081745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111738"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750\u20103841.16235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019\u201000160"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.15922","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:04:28Z","timestamp":1761861868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.15922"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.15922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.15922","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.15922\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.15922\/v1\/review4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.15922\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.15922\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.15922\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.15922\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.15922\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}