{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:24:45Z","timestamp":1792801485309,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK133465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK133465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a new glucose\u2010lowering therapeutic class, have shown neuroprotective effects in mechanistic studies. However, the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and PD risk in real\u2010world populations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to assess the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of PD in older populations with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort analysis used Medicare claims data from 2016 to 2020 to identify fee\u2010for\u2010service beneficiaries \u226565\u2009years diagnosed with T2D and without pre\u2010existing PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor was compared with that of a dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (DPP4) inhibitor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The outcome was the first incident PD ever since the date initiating either an SGLT2 inhibitor or a DPP4 inhibitor. We employed a 1:1 propensity score matching to balance the baseline covariates between treatment groups, including sociodemographics, comorbidities and co\u2010medications. We applied Cox regression models to assess the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors versus DPP4 inhibitors on incident PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 89\u2009330 eligible Medicare beneficiaries (mean age: 75\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009years, 52% women), 0.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009537) had incident PD over the follow\u2010up. After 1:1 propensity matching, the PD incidence was 2.5 and 3.5 events per 1000 person\u2010years in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and DPP4 inhibitor group, respectively. The SGLT2 inhibitor group was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident PD than the DPP4 inhibitor group (hazard ratio: 0.70 [95% confidence interval: 0.55\u20130.89]). There is a potential trend that the risk reduction in incident PD was profound in non\u2010Hispanic Black individuals and insulin users.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significantly lower risk of incident PD in older populations with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:33:53Z","timestamp":1726014833000},"page":"5727-5736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the risk of Parkinson disease in real\u2010world patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9799-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingchuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy University of Florida College of Pharmacy  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5814-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huilin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy University of Florida College of Pharmacy  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4088-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Emory University Rollins School of Public Health  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy University of Florida College of Pharmacy  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3381-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian A.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwayoung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science University of Florida College of Nursing  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics College of Medicine, University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"National Diabetes Statistics Report [Internet].2022[cited 2022 Feb 13]. 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