{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:22:01Z","timestamp":1772828521058,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012041","name":"Versus Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the association between newly diagnosed frozen shoulder and a subsequent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an age\u2010, gender\u2010 and practice\u2010matched cohort study in UK primary care electronic medical records containing 31\u2009226 adults diagnosed with frozen shoulder, matched to 31\u2009226 without frozen shoulder. Patients with pre\u2010existing diabetes were excluded. Variables were identified using established Read codes. A hazard ratio (HR) for the association between incident frozen shoulder and a subsequent type 2 diabetes diagnosis was estimated using shared frailty Cox regression, adjusted for age and gender. To determine whether the association could be explained by increased testing for type 2 diabetes based on other risk factors, a secondary analysis involved re\u2010running the Cox model adjusting for the mean number of consultations per year, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, obesity, thyroid dysfunction, ethnicity, deprivation, age, and gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with frozen shoulder were more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (1559 out of 31\u2009226 patients [5%]) than participants without frozen shoulder (88 out of 31\u2009226 patients [0.28%]). The HR for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in participants with frozen shoulder versus people without frozen shoulder was 19.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.6\u201324.0). The secondary analysis, adjusting for other factors, produced similar results: HR\u200920.0 (95% CI 16.0\u201325.0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People who have been newly diagnosed with frozen shoulder are more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the following 15.8\u2009years. The value of screening patients presenting with frozen shoulder for type 2 diabetes at presentation, alongside more established risk factors, should be considered in future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T06:47:46Z","timestamp":1727678866000},"page":"5915-5921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Are patients with newly diagnosed frozen shoulder more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? A cohort study in\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    electronic health records"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8039-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett P.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith Biostatistics Unit, Griffith Health Griffith University  Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4688-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine Keele University  Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6369-4746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trishna","family":"Rathod\u2010Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaco\u2010 and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mili\u00e7a","family":"Blagojevic\u2010Bucknall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine Keele University  Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7248-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle A.","family":"van der Windt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine Keele University  Staffordshire 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