{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:51:16Z","timestamp":1790023876296,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011946","name":"Abbott Diabetes Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011946","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyse the potential drivers (glucose level, complications, diabetes type, gender, age and mental health) of diabetes symptoms using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and ecological momentary assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants used a smartphone application to rate 25 diabetes symptoms in their daily lives over 8\u2009days. These symptoms were grouped into four blocks so that each symptom was rated six times on 2\u2009days (noon, afternoon and evening). The symptom ratings were associated with the glucose levels for the previous 2\u2009hours, measured with CGM. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were used, allowing for nested random effects and the conduct of\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091 analysis of individual associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 192 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 179 with type 2 diabetes completed 6380 app check\u2010ins. Four symptoms showed a significant negative association with glucose values, indicating higher ratings at lower glucose (speech difficulties,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003; coordination problems,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.00005; confusion,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.049; and food cravings,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0003). Four symptoms showed a significant positive association with glucose values, indicating higher scores at higher glucose (thirst,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0001; urination,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0003; taste disturbances,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.021; and itching,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0120). There were also significant positive associations between microangiopathy and eight symptoms. Elevated depression and diabetes distress were associated with higher symptom scores.\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091 analysis showed highly idiosyncratic associations between symptom reports and glucose levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091 analysis facilitated the creation of personalized symptom profiles related to glucose levels with consideration of factors such as complications, gender, body mass index, depression and diabetes distress. This approach can enhance precision monitoring for diabetes symptoms in precision medicine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:34:13Z","timestamp":1728347653000},"page":"61-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Somatic and mental symptoms associated with dysglycaemia, diabetes\u2010related complications and mental conditions in people with diabetes: Assessments in daily life using continuous glucose monitoring and ecological momentary assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2903-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Hermanns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the Diabetes\u2010Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM)  Bad Mergentheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of Bamberg  Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Diabetes Center Mergentheim (DZM) Diabetes Clinic  Bad Mergentheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5794-5596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Ehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the Diabetes\u2010Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM)  Bad Mergentheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of Bamberg  Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9120-4479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Kulzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the Diabetes\u2010Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM)  Bad Mergentheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of Bamberg  Bamberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Diabetes Center Mergentheim (DZM) Diabetes Clinic  Bad Mergentheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9484-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Klinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the Diabetes\u2010Academy Mergentheim (FIDAM)  Bad Mergentheim Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"Diabetes Center Mergentheim (DZM) Diabetes Clinic  Bad Mergentheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Haak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center Mergentheim (DZM) Diabetes Clinic  Bad 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