{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T14:43:26Z","timestamp":1776523406386,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imeglimin is a new oral anti\u2010diabetic drug with a similar structure to that of metformin; however, unlike metformin, clinical trials indicate that imeglimin elicits its glucose\u2010lowering effect mainly by enhancement of insulin secretion. The comparative effects of the two drugs on incretin secretion remains to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single\u2010center, open\u2010label, randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes who were drug\u2010na\u00efve or were on a single oral hypoglycaemic agent (OHA). For patients taking a single OHA, an 8\u2010week washout period was employed before randomization. Participants were randomized to the imeglimin group (IME, 2000\u2009mg\/day) or the metformin group (MET, 1000\u2009mg\/day), and OGTT was performed before treatment and after 12 and 24\u2009weeks of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reduction in HbA1c at 24\u2009weeks was similar in IME and MET. OGTT revealed a comparable decrease in post\u2010challenge blood glucose excursion in both groups, but insulin levels were increased only in IME. Total and active glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) levels were increased in both IME and MET; however, total and active glucose\u2010dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) levels were increased only in IME. Interestingly, while an increase in insulin levels in IME was positively correlated with an increase in GLP\u20101 at 12\u2009weeks, it was correlated only with an increase in GIP at 24\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unlike metformin, imeglimin enhances GIP secretion as well as GLP\u20101 secretion, in addition to its direct insulinotropic mechanism of glucose control, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic option in the treatment of patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T23:26:31Z","timestamp":1732663591000},"page":"856-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Differential effects of imeglimin and metformin on insulin and incretin secretion\u2014An exploratory randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4641-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Usui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Kansai Electric Power Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Hamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Kansai Electric Power Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Imura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Kansai Electric Power Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Kansai Electric Power Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Kansai Electric Power Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Kuwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Kansai Electric Power Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0669-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisato","family":"Tatsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Research and Development department General Incorporated Association Kansai Healthcare Science Informatics  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Shimomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Aichi Cancer Center Hospital  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenta","family":"Murotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Center Kurume University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1623-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Kansai Electric Power Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1099-7989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Seino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Kansai Electric Power Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1906-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2021.17.2.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241651"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17657-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1010825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0763"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.14070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-024-00723-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05236-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00429919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(03)00111-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1195-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI140046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00833-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15151"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.16086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.16086","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.16086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:52:25Z","timestamp":1775865145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.16086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.16086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.16086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16086\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16086\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16086\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16086\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16086\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16086\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}