{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:42:38Z","timestamp":1772160158148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe temporal changes in the characteristics of medication\u2010initiator cohorts in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with CKD and T2D initiating sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors (SGLT\u20102i) or glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RA) were identified in the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database Extension in each of the two study periods (Period I: 1 January 2014\u201330 June 2021; Period II: 1 July 2021\u201331 December 2022). For each cohort, baseline characteristics and the standard mean differences (SMD) between periods I and II were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During study periods I and II, 1157 and 1122 SGLT\u20102i, and 329 and 369 GLP\u20101RA new users were identified, respectively. All four cohorts had similar age, sex and comorbidity patterns, with a mean age spanning 66.1\u201369.5\u2009years and 60%\u201370% being male. More than 80% of persons had hypertension and 60% had congestive heart failure. In the SGLT\u20102i cohorts, we observed a decrease in prior metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitor use (SMD \u22650.5 and &lt;0.8), and an increase in the number of persons with no T2D medications other than insulin between periods (SMD &gt;0.8). In the GLP\u20101RA cohorts, there was a medium decrease in persons using insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the introduction of new treatments and emerging evidence supporting cardio\u2010renal protective effects in people with CKD and T2D, notable changes in baseline treatment were observed in the medication\u2010initiator cohort characteristics. These findings suggest the earlier use of cardio\u2010renal protective medications in the course of T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:37:13Z","timestamp":1745282233000},"page":"3714-3724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transitional changes in medication\u2010initiator cohort profiles in persons with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes\u2014A hospital\u2010based cohort study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Yano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NCD Epidemiology Research Center Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu Japan"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"AI Incubation Farm Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4402-0209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suguru","family":"Okami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kanegae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genki Plaza Medical Centre for Health Care  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus G.","family":"Oberprieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Evidence Generation and Business Innovation Bayer AG  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Johannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI Health Solutions  Waltham Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanae","family":"Yoshikawa\u2010Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Csaba P.","family":"Kovesdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Vizcaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Evidence Generation and Business Innovation Bayer AG  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kashihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kawasaki Geriatric Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2015-000154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065927"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012070718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5938"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Forxiga SmPC.AstraZeneca AB. 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