{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1790602994037,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a six\u2010month randomized clinical trial, improved peripheral perfusion has been shown with liraglutide, associated with favourable vascular effects in people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease (PAD). We aimed to evaluate the durability of these benefits and to elucidate some mechanisms underlying liraglutide's effect over an 18\u2010month follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      STARDUST was a randomized clinical trial which compared liraglutide up to 1.8\u2009mg\/day with tailored therapeutic prescriptions to manage cardiovascular risk factors in 55 participants with type 2 diabetes and PAD. We report data of people who have reached the 18\u2010month follow\u2010up for the primary outcome (transcutaneous oxygen pressure, TcPO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and also for additional secondary outcomes (markers of inflammation, angiogenesis and kidney function), as well as glycemic and metabolic parameters. TcPO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      was assessed with transcutaneous oximetry. Circulating levels of angiogenic progenitor cells and serum inflammation markers were evaluated by flow cytometry and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the control group, significant differences favouring the liraglutide group were observed at 18\u2009months for TcPO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      [estimated treated difference (95% CI), 10.9\u2009mmHg (7.6 to 14.1\u2009mmHg),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001]. At 18\u2009months of follow\u2010up, participants in the liraglutide group, as compared with those in the control group, had a significant reduction in urine albumin to creatinine ratio (estimated difference, \u2212103.9\u2009mg\/g Cr, 95%CI, \u2212170.8 to \u221237.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), C\u2010reactive protein (\u22120.5\u2009mg\/dL, 95%CI, \u22120.8 to \u22120.2,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), as well as interleukin\u20106 (\u221232.6\u2009pg\/mL, 95%CI, \u221254.6 to \u221210.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). Compared with the control group, participants in the liraglutide group showed significantly higher concentrations of circulating progenitor cells and endothelial progenitor cells at both 6 and 18\u2009months, for CD34\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , CD133\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , KDR\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , CD34\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/KDR\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD34\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CD133\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/KDR\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Liraglutide was also associated with a higher increase in vascular endothelial growth factor A at 18\u2009months (70.1\u2009pg\/mL, 95%CI, 44.7 to 95.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In people with type 2 diabetes and PAD, liraglutide increased peripheral perfusion, with amelioration of markers of angiogenesis and inflammation over an 18\u2010month follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:44:08Z","timestamp":1745556248000},"page":"3891-3900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Liraglutide improves peripheral perfusion and markers of angiogenesis and inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease: An 18\u2010month follow\u2010up of a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4756-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Caruso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4659-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ida","family":"Maiorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program of Translational Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Scappaticcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program of Translational Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariluce","family":"Barrasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program of Translational Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Gicchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4748-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bellastella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d  Naples Italy"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania 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