{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:39:10Z","timestamp":1787593150214,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR128490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR128490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare long\u2010term complications for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following second\u2010line treatment in routine practice with sulphonylureas (SU), dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors (DPP4i), or sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter\u20102 inhibitors (SGLT2i) added to metformin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the RAPIDS microsimulation model to predict diabetes complications over 5\u2009years after second\u2010line treatment initiation. We combined information on \u2018real\u2010world\u2019 treatment duration in England from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink with evidence on treatment effectiveness from Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs). We estimated between\u2010treatment differences in the probabilities of end\u2010stage kidney disease (ESKD), heart failure hospitalisation (HF), diabetic eye disease, myocardial infarction (MI), and lower\u2010extremity amputation (LEA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The predicted probabilities of complications within 5\u2009years were lower following second\u2010line treatment with SGLT2i compared to SU and DPP4i. The mean (95% CI) difference (reduction) in the predicted probability of ESKD following SGLT2i versus SU was \u22120.81% (\u22120.89, \u22120.73), and for SGLT2i versus DPP4i the corresponding difference was \u22120.87% (\u22120.95, \u22120.79). The reduction in the probability of HF following SGLT2i versus SU was \u22120.90% (\u22121.01, \u22120.80), and for SGLT2i versus DPP4i it was \u22120.95% (\u22121.06, \u22120.84). The corresponding differences in the probabilities of diabetic eye disease following SGLT2i versus SU were \u22121.41% (\u22121.57, \u22121.26), and for SGLT2i versus DPP4i was \u22120.44% (\u22120.59, \u22120.29). The predicted probabilities of LEA were similar across treatments. Pre\u2010existing CVD did not modify the predicted probabilities of complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For a general T2DM population, second\u2010line treatment with SGLT2i rather than SU or DPP4i can reduce the probability of complications within 5\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:28:36Z","timestamp":1747873716000},"page":"4181-4191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long\u2010term outcomes following alternative second\u2010line oral glucose\u2010lowering treatments: Results from the real\u2010world progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus United Kingdom (\n                    <scp>RAPIDS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    ) model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Orlagh U.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research and Policy London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-2030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Bidulka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4238-7402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy &amp; Economics (CHOICE) Institute University of Washington School of Pharmacy  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda I.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Trials Unit, The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Oxford, OCDEM Building Churchill Hospital  Headington UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research and Policy London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research and Policy London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Lugo\u2010Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research and Policy London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2343-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Khunti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8899-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Grieve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research and Policy London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"NICE guideline [NG28]: Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. 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