{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:18:14Z","timestamp":1792268294051,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004339","name":"Sanofi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to compare the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in individuals with celiac disease, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism to that of individuals without those conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective, observational, matched\u2010cohort study based on real\u2010world claims data, individuals with at least one diagnosis of celiac disease, hyperthyroidism (e.g. Graves' disease) or hypothyroidism (e.g. Hashimoto's disease) and a control cohort of individuals without any of these three conditions were included. Individuals from the disease and control cohorts were propensity score matched 1:1 based on baseline demographics and clinical characteristics. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the risk of type 1 diabetes between cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Type 1 diabetes developed in 0.14% (68\/47\u2009099) of individuals with celiac disease compared to 0.06% (27\/47\u2009099) of controls. Of those with hyperthyroidism, type 1 diabetes developed in 0.17% (281\/164\u2009830) compared to 0.06% (99\/164\u2009830) of controls. Of those with hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes developed in 0.18% (1756\/980\u2009477) compared to 0.08% (764\/980\u2009477) of controls. The risk of developing type 1 diabetes was increased for each of the disease cohorts compared to their respective controls (celiac disease: HR\u2009=\u20092.54 [\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001]; hyperthyroidism: adjusted HR\u2009=\u20092.98 [\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001]; hypothyroidism: HR\u2009=\u20092.41 [\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001]); risk was highest among individuals aged &lt;18\u2009years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of developing type 1 diabetes was significantly higher for individuals with celiac disease or thyroid disease compared to those without any of these conditions. These findings support the screening of individuals with these conditions for stage 2 type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T02:19:57Z","timestamp":1748485197000},"page":"4229-4238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Risk of new\u2010onset type 1 diabetes in individuals with celiac disease and thyroid disease\u2014An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0760-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve V.","family":"Edelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Taking Control of Your Diabetes 501(c)(3)  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Agardh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichen","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Wieloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Sanofi  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4539-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Meneghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S97"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Ozougwu J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2772270817666221122103029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00478-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Diabetes in America [Internet]","author":"Stene LC","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease: autoimmune disorders with a shared genetic background","volume":"14","author":"Flores Monar GV","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.618213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2478"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06086-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1386513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00457-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-10-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Optum. 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