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Cox proportional models with multivariate adjustment were used to assess the associations of BMI and WC with treatment\u2010requiring diabetic eye disease (TRDED), initiation of dialysis, coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), heart failure (HF) and amputation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BMI was inversely associated with TRDED, especially in women. Men with WC \u2265\u200995\u2009cm had a significantly lower risk of TRDED (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20090.79, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.69\u20130.91). Dialysis initiation displayed L\u2010shaped associations with BMI and WC. The risk of CAD was significantly reduced among men with BMI\u2009&lt;\u200920.0\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (HR\u2009=\u20090.68, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.49\u20130.94). HF had U\u2010shaped associations with BMI and WC. Abdominal obesity increased CVD risk (HR\u2009=\u20091.36, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.08\u20131.70). BMI \u2265 25\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/WC \u2265\u200990\u2009cm significantly reduced the risk of dialysis (HR\u2009=\u20090.42, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.29\u20130.62) and increased the risk of HF (HR\u2009=\u20091.33, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.03\u20131.72).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BMI\/WC had both positive and negative associations with diabetic complications. Therefore, each patient's BMI\/WC target should be carefully determined for each diabetic complication, considering the risk of developing other diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T04:10:32Z","timestamp":1747368632000},"page":"4259-4267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The associations of body mass index and waist circumference with the risk of diabetic complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Megumi","family":"Nokihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Niigata University Faculty of Medicine  Niigata 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