{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:59:40Z","timestamp":1784030380033,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diabetic foot ulcer disease (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is common, life\u2010changing and associated with a lower 5\u2010Year survival rate than many cancers. However, the risk factors for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      have generally been identified in small, single\u2010centre, clinic\u2010based studies, many of which are cross\u2010sectional. This study aims to assess the incidence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and its related risk factors in two large, contemporary\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      cohorts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigated common sociodemographic and clinical factors affecting the incidence rates of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DFUD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in two large representative independent cohorts of people with diabetes in England (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009131\u2009042) and Scotland (Scottish Diabetes Research Network\u2010National Diabetes Dataset [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDRN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ]\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009260\u2009748). The methods of case ascertainment differed between the two cohorts: in England, both primary and secondary care data were used, whereas in Scotland, secondary care and foot clinic data were used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the English cohort, 4.7% developed DFUD over a median of 4.3years (incidence rate 9.0[95%CI: 8.8\u20139.2] per 1000 person\u2010years) follow\u2010up; in the Scottish cohort, the equivalent figure was 2.9% over a median of 6.3\u2009years (incidence rate 4.4 [95% CI: 4.3\u20134.5] per 1000 person\u2010years). Despite different methods of case ascertainment, multivariable analysis in both populations indicated that those who developed DFUD were more likely to be older, male, smokers, of White ethnicity, with higher systolic blood pressure and baseline HbA1c. These findings provide a robust evidence base for identifying people with diabetes at risk of DFUD for targeted efforts for prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T22:54:37Z","timestamp":1750805677000},"page":"4782-4792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk factors for development of diabetic foot ulcer disease in two large contemporary\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4535-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safoora","family":"Gharibzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Highton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK University of Glasgow  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Greenlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Gillies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Zaccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCHARR, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5630-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel John","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCHARR, Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, Division of Population Health, School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Valabhji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Game","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Leese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Tayside, Scotland Dundee, UK  Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Medicine University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"Diabetes Research Unit Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Sciences Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2519-1240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharmin","family":"Shabnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9987-9371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2343-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Khunti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4894-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, Level 5 90 Byres Road  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Gregg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.10578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/smj.2011.011113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2016.1231932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02303-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2468-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-020-00383-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.7.1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-2592(03)00031-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4522-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.8.1869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2021.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p2327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932098261359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SAS Global Forum Conference","author":"Bursac Z","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"RouzinovS BerchtoldA RouzinovMS.Package \u2018RBtest\u2019.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"IshwaranH KogalurUB BlackstoneEH LauerMS.Random survival forests.2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14725"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30200-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.02.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2010.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2024.1485420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0931"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.16519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T01:44:42Z","timestamp":1761875082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.16519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.16519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.16519","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16519\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16519\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16519\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16519\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16519\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16519\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16519\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.16519\/v1\/review4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}