{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:48:24Z","timestamp":1791517704792,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a paucity of data on socio\u2010economic characteristics associated with the use of anti\u2010obesity medications (AOM) and metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) when accounting for clinical factors. This study characterized factors associated with the receipt of AOM prescriptions and MBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted using the All of Us (AoU) Research (v.8) data. Patients with obesity who received AOM or MBS between 2017 and 2023 were included. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics, while multivariable regression examined factors associated with the receipt of the treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only 6.6% of 183\u2009424 patients for AOM analysis, received an AOM prescription, while 1.8% underwent MBS among 93\u2009146 patients. Being a man (vs. woman, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20090.62, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59\u20130.65), Medicare insurance holder (vs. private, aOR\u2009=\u20090.78, 95% CI, 0.72\u20130.84), retiree (vs. employed, aOR\u2009=\u20090.70, 95% CI, 0.66\u20130.75) and high school degree holders (vs. college, aOR\u2009=\u20090.85, 95% CI, 0.80\u20130.90) were associated with lower odds of receiving AOM. Being single (vs. married, aOR\u2009=\u20090.84, 95% CI, 0.74\u20130.96), retired (vs. employed, aOR\u2009=\u20090.63, 95% CI, 0.49\u20130.80), with body mass index (BMI) 35\u2010\u2009&lt;\u200940 (vs. \u226545, aOR\u2009=\u20090.13, 95% CI, 0.11\u20130.15) were associated with lower odds of MBS. Patients with dyslipidaemia and obstructive sleep apnoea had higher odds of receiving both treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disparities in obesity treatment exist. Male sex, older age, lower income and lower BMI were associated with lower odds of treatment, while dyslipidaemia and obstructive sleep apnoea were associated with higher odds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:59:48Z","timestamp":1750381188000},"page":"4978-4988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Socio\u2010demographic and clinical factors associated with the receipt of anti\u2010obesity medication prescriptions and metabolic and bariatric surgery among eligible all of Us participants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2627-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olajide A.","family":"Adekunle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Value\u2010Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuc","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Value\u2010Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dev Yash","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Rothberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Value\u2010Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha T.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Value\u2010Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihua","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Value\u2010Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1627-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamlet","family":"Gasoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Value\u2010Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Adult Obesity Facts. 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