{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:42:46Z","timestamp":1772160166737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH\u20102022 \u2010A\u2010023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH\u20102022 \u2010A\u2010023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between the use of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) and the likelihood of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and medical utilisation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the TriNetX US collaborative network to identify 3\u2009165\u2009521 patients with T2DM from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2022. Of these, we selected 69\u2009874, 109\u2009922 and 88\u2009079 matched pairs of GLP\u20101 RA and basal insulin users, dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitor (DPP\u20104i) and sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) users, respectively, based on propensity scores. We used the Cox proportional hazards models and subgroup analyses to determine the relative hazards of IBD development and medical utilisation between the study and control groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the matched cohorts, GLP\u20101 RA users had a significantly lower risk of developing IBD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.725, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.564\u20130.931) and hospitalisation (HR: 0.144, 95% CI: 0.140\u20130.148) than basal insulin users. GLP\u20101 RA users also had a significantly lower risk of developing IBD (HR: 0.814, 95% CI: 0.686\u20130.966) and hospitalisation (HR: 0.660, 95% CI: 0.647\u20130.672) than the matched DPP\u20104i users. GLP\u20101 RA users had a significantly lower risk of hospitalisation (HR: 0.792, 95% CI: 0.775\u20130.809) than the matched SGLT2i users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients with T2DM, GLP\u20101 RA users demonstrated a significantly lower risk of developing IBD than basal insulin and DPP\u20104i users. GLP\u20101 RA users also showed a lower risk of hospitalisation. GLP\u20101 RAs may contribute to lowering the risk of IBD in individuals with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T07:56:41Z","timestamp":1756281401000},"page":"6403-6415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists on the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in people with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Shun","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Yen's Clinic  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiow\u2010Ing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Data Science, Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao\u2010Min","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Taitung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare  Taitung Taiwan"},{"name":"Master Program in Biomedicine, College of Science and Engineering National Taitung University  Taitung Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Health and Nursing Meiho University  Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Cheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes  Miaoli County Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Administration China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Min\u2010Sheng General Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes  Yunlin County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chii\u2010Min","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C.\u2010C.","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology &amp; Rheumatology Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung City Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2002697"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00658-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"GBD.Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation global health data exchange global burden of disease study 2019 (GBD 2019) data resources GBD results tool terms and conditions.2019. 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