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LDL subfractions were assessed with a commercially available system employing non\u2010denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LDL profile included six subfractions, grouped into two subclasses: large LDL (LDL\u20101 and LDL\u20102) and small LDL (LDL\u20103 to LDL\u20106). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations, with adjustments made for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, insulin resistance and triglyceride levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 174 individuals were included in the analysis. IPFD was not significantly associated with any LDL subfraction or subclass in any of the statistical models. Similarly, hepatic lipase showed no significant association with IPFD. However, hepatic lipase was significantly and inversely associated with the LDL\u20101 and LDL\u20102 subfractions, as well as the LDL\u2010large subclass, across all three statistical models. In the most adjusted model, each unit increase in hepatic lipase was associated with a 0.24\u2010unit decrease in LDL\u20101 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), a 0.22\u2010unit decrease in LDL\u20102 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and a 0.27\u2010unit decrease in the LDL\u2010large subclass (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lack of a significant association between IPFD and LDL subfractions suggests that the link between IPFD and cardiovascular disease is likely mediated through mechanisms other than alterations in LDL particle distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  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