{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:42:44Z","timestamp":1772160164733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022720","name":"Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID19F08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID19F08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the healthcare and economic burden associated with improved risk factor control for people with type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong over 10\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We obtained population\u2010based data from electronic healthcare records of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Risk factor targets were defined by American Diabetes Association guidelines. We applied a validated patient\u2010level diabetes outcomes model (Chinese Hong Kong Integrated Modelling and Evaluation) to estimate the health and economic outcomes for all individuals with type 2 diabetes (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009526\u2009672) in Hong Kong in 2021. Immediate risk factor control was compared to baseline over 10\u2009years. Costs were estimated from a healthcare provider perspective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most people (84.9%) failed to achieve optimal combined risk factors control (glycated haemoglobin, blood pressure and low\u2010density lipoprotein\u2010cholesterol) at baseline. Combined control was associated with population\u2010level increases in quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (QALYs) of 17\u2009605 and healthcare cost savings of US$ 106.7\u2009million over 10\u2009years. Glycaemic control solely yielded the greatest QALY increases and had the highest cost savings (US$ 29.0\u2009million) over 10\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The substantial population health and economic burden of inadequate risk factor control for individuals with diabetes in Hong Kong can potentially be mitigated through enhanced adherence, highlighting the need for effective and intensive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T08:24:15Z","timestamp":1757492655000},"page":"6705-6714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The healthcare and economic burden associated with inadequate risk factor control for type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: A population\u2010based modelling study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Aidi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6815-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4219-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen S.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH  New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuechen","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7536-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy L. K.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Y. F.","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Hong Kong Science Park  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8386-8512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianchao","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation.Facts & figures. Accessed July 3 2024.https:\/\/idf.org\/about-diabetes\/diabetes-facts-figures\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Department of Health.Report of population health survey 2020\u201022 (Part II). Accessed 1 September.2025https:\/\/www.chp.gov.hk\/files\/pdf\/dh_phs_2020-22_part_2_report_eng_rectified.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Guanyan Report Network.Number of global diabetes patients and medical expenditure from 2000 to 2023 [in Chinese]. Accessed 1 September2025https:\/\/www.chinabaogao.com\/detail\/604356.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Centre for Health Protection Department of Health.Situation of diabetes in Hong Kong. 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