{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T03:12:23Z","timestamp":1793848343554,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202406240227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202406240227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202406240228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202406240228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to identify sex\u2010specific joint skeletal muscle mass index (SMI)\u2013fat mass index (FMI) trajectories and examine their associations with glucose homeostasis in adults aged \u226550\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 2323 community\u2010dwelling adults from the West China Health and Aging Trend cohort. SMI and FMI were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Glucose homeostasis was assessed via Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA\u2010IR) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of beta\u2010cell function (HOMA\u2010\u03b2). Sex\u2010stratified group\u2010based trajectory modelling identified joint SMI\u2013FMI patterns, and their associations with glucose measures were evaluated using linear mixed\u2010effects models. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using generalised estimating equations and by excluding participants with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five joint SMI\u2013FMI trajectory classes (C0\u2013C4) were identified per sex. Baseline HOMA\u2010IR and HOMA\u2010\u03b2 were lowest in the normal\u2010FMI C0\/C4, intermediate in the overweight\u2010FMI C1\/C2 and highest in the obese\u2010FMI C3, regardless of SMI. HOMA\u2010IR increased significantly in high\u2010FMI trajectories in both sexes (mean net annual increases: 2.63% for C2 and 2.55% for C3 in males; 1.65% for C2 and 2.62% for C3 in females) and also in female C0 with high SMI and normal FMI (mean net annual increases: 1.03%). HOMA\u2010\u03b2 remained stable over time in both sexes, with no significant between\u2010class differences in its rate of change. Sensitivity analyses largely confirmed these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010FMI trajectories were associated with elevated baseline insulin resistance (IR), enhanced compensatory \u03b2\u2010cell function in both sexes and faster IR progression in males, while SMI offered limited protection. Females exhibited a broader decline in insulin sensitivity, whereas in males, this decline was primarily associated with high adiposity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T04:47:07Z","timestamp":1757998027000},"page":"7133-7145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Joint trajectories of skeletal muscle and fat mass in relation to glucose homeostasis: 6\u2010Year findings from adults aged \u226550\u2009years"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2696-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiao","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan P. R. 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