{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:11:44Z","timestamp":1792059104100,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sex\u2010based differences in the efficacy of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs) on cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular outcomes remain unclear. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis evaluated sex\u2010specific effects of GLP\u20101RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related comorbidities. Randomised controlled trials and secondary analyses comparing GLP\u20101RAs with placebo and reporting sex\u2010stratified data were included. Outcomes assessed included composite kidney outcomes, 3\u2010point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular death, non\u2010fatal myocardial infarction, or non\u2010fatal stroke), individual components of MACE, and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random\u2010effects models. Eleven trials comprising 85,273 patients (43,\u2009339 receiving GLP\u20101RAs; 41,\u2009934 placebo) were analysed. GLP\u20101RAs significantly reduced the risk of composite kidney outcomes by 20% in males (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69\u20130.92) and 31% in females (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54\u20130.87), with no significant sex interaction (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.31). The risk of 3\u2010point MACE was reduced by 14% in males (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79\u20130.93) and 18% in females (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75\u20130.90;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.47). Stroke risk decreased by 21% in males and 25% in females. No significant sex\u2010based differences were observed for cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or HHF. GLP\u20101RAs reduce the risk of major cardiovascular, kidney, and cerebrovascular outcomes in both sexes, with consistent benefits across men and women. While variations between sexes were observed in certain outcomes, these differences did not reach statistical significance for interaction. Future trials should improve female representation and explore sex\u2010specific effects further.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:04:26Z","timestamp":1757588666000},"page":"6847-6856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sex differences in the efficacy of\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 receptor agonists: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of cardiovascular and renal outcome trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Hasan Fareed","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9925-2098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dua","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3544-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheer","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hibah","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ripley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Northumbria Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Tyneside, Tyne and Wear UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheel","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Sunderland  Sunderland UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Freeman Hospital  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9051-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad Ahmed","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dow University of Health Sciences  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-015-0462-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd22-as01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108269"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307563"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)32261\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"HigginsJP ThomasJ ChandlerJ.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 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