{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:53:43Z","timestamp":1791572023838,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic ocular diseases such as age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD) are leading causes of vision loss in older adults. While sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are widely prescribed in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), their effects on ocular disease risk remain largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between SGLT2i use and the risk of AMD and other age\u2010related ocular conditions in adults aged \u226560 with T2DM, using a target trial emulation framework based on the TriNetX global health research network (2013\u20132025). Patients initiating SGLT2i or dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors (DPP4i) were propensity\u2010matched 1:1. Primary outcomes were incident non\u2010exudative, exudative, and atrophic AMD, and secondary outcomes included cataract, ocular hypertension, and primary open\u2010angle glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 12\u2009156 matched patients, SGLT2i use was associated with significantly lower risks of non\u2010exudative AMD (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.49\u20130.84) and exudative AMD (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33\u20130.96) compared with DPP4i use. A slight increase in the risk of cataract was observed (HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02\u20131.15), while no significant differences were found for atrophic AMD, ocular hypertension, or glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that SGLT2i may offer retinal protective effects in older adults with T2DM, supporting further mechanistic and prospective clinical studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T08:45:55Z","timestamp":1757580355000},"page":"7299-7308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of\n                    <scp>SGLT2<\/scp>\n                    inhibitors on the risk of age\u2010related ocular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A target trial emulation study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yueh\u2010Tsung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Post\u2010Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital  Changhua Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3290-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jheng\u2010Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Chi Mei Medical Center  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0128-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung W.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Yuanlin Christian Hospital  Changhua Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Hsien","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital  Changhua Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung 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