{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:38:59Z","timestamp":1794220739462,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is current apprehension among some clinicians and conflicting evidence regarding ocular complications in relation to Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs). We aimed to generate multi\u2010disciplinary, expert\u2010led consensus recommendations relating to ocular complications to facilitate optimum prescribing of GLP\u20101RAs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A modified Delphi was conducted following the ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) for Delphi research. A structured literature review informed an anonymous online Delphi questionnaire, followed by a virtual consensus meeting. Eligible participants included ophthalmologists, diabetologists, and obesity specialists practising in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Responses from 58 participants across 17 countries were analysed. Respondents agreed that diabetic retinopathy (DR) worsening events are primarily linked to rapid blood glucose\u2010lowering, rather than a direct drug effect. The benefits of GLP\u20101RAs were deemed to outweigh potential ocular risks and should not limit access to these medicines. Prescribers should ensure that people with diabetes are screened for diabetic retinopathy before commencing GLP\u20101RAs, particularly in high\u2010risk populations (&gt;10\u2009years duration and\/or poor glucose control, (haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] &gt;10% or 86\u2009mmol\/mol)). When prescribing GLP\u20101RA to those with sight loss in one eye and\/or prior history of non\u2010arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION), the risk of ocular complications should be discussed. The Delphi study highlighted current uncertainty in the evidence, with some topics on the relationship between GLP\u20101RAs and ocular complications reaching limited consensus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further research is needed into the direct effects of GLP\u20101RAs on the retina and ocular complications. New evidence should be disseminated rapidly to optimise outcomes and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T07:00:16Z","timestamp":1759906816000},"page":"7535-7543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Addressing the risk of ocular complications of\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>1RAs<\/scp>\n                    ; a multi\u2010disciplinary expert consensus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3445-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Review &amp; Synthesis Health Economics &amp; Outcomes Research Ltd.  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-3096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Sim\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Campus Vall d'Hebron and CIBERDEM  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"L\u00f6vestam\u2010Adrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Pauls Eye Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8519-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Swansea University  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Dinah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust  Harrow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Jane","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woodlands Medical Centre  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. David","family":"Strain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Vascular Research Centre University of Exeter  Exeter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Pauls Eye Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust  Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Department of Eye and Vision Science University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Review &amp; Synthesis Health Economics &amp; Outcomes Research Ltd.  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Hembury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Review &amp; Synthesis Health Economics &amp; Outcomes Research Ltd.  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