{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:02:52Z","timestamp":1791576172445,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) and depression remains uncertain due to contradictory evidence. We compared the risk of incident depression between GLP\u20101 RAs and sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a new\u2010user, active\u2010comparator cohort study using a deidentified electronic health record network from January 2016 to July 2024. After 1:1 propensity score matching, we compared 25\u2009704 new GLP\u20101 RA users to 25\u2009704 SGLT2i users with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity, excluding those with prior mood disorders. The primary outcome was a composite of incident depression diagnosis or antidepressant initiation, assessed from 1 month to 1 year post\u2010initiation using Cox models and time\u2010varying analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 51\u2009408 patients (mean age 56.8\u2009years, 48.9% male), GLP\u20101 RA use was associated with higher depression incidence versus SGLT2i use (17.0% vs. 14.8%; hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.14;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with an absolute risk difference of 2.2%. The association was stronger in adults \u226565\u2009years (HR 1.15) and plateaued after approximately 6\u2009months. In secondary analysis, GLP\u20101 RA use was associated with a lower rate of all\u2010cause mortality (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63\u20130.88).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101 RA initiation was associated with a statistically significant increase in depression risk compared to SGLT2i use (9% relative increase, 2.2% absolute risk difference over 1 year), particularly during the subacute period and in older adults. This observed association must be balanced against substantial mortality benefits. Enhanced monitoring and shared decision\u2010making are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T09:13:01Z","timestamp":1759137181000},"page":"197-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Risk of depression with\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 receptor agonists use in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes: A new\u2010user, active\u2010comparator cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Hong","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Chung","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967\u2010025\u201006302\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201052898\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021703"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2024.1803"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201075965\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010023\u201002672\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102024\u2010080679"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220\u2010025\u201000390\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/ANNALS\u201024\u201001347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.4369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2025.152608"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration.Update on FDA's ongoing evaluation of reports of suicidal thoughts or actions in patients taking a certain type of medicines approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity. 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