{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:42:48Z","timestamp":1772160168696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["225868\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["225868\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015652","name":"Barts Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MGU0504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MGU0504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N013638\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N013638\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate ethnic differences in the comparative effectiveness of sulfonylureas (SU), dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors (DPP4i) and sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cardiovascular outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified adults with type 2 diabetes in UK electronic health records initiating SU, DPP4i or SGLT2i (2015\u20132022). The outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalisation, cardiovascular death). Cox models estimated hazard ratios for DPP4i versus SU, SGLT2i versus SU and SGLT2i versus DPP4i. Wald tests assessed interaction by ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 91\u2009116 included individuals (72.3% White, 14.2% South Asian, 6.0% Black), 34.2% initiated an SU, 42.0% DPP4i and 23.8% SGLT2i. There was weak evidence of interaction by ethnicity for DPP4i versus SU on MACE (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12), with stronger effects observed for DPP4i in the Black group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46\u20130.89) than White (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84\u20130.98) or South Asian (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.75\u20131.16) groups. There was evidence of interaction by ethnicity for DPP4i versus SU on heart failure hospitalisation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05), with a stronger effect observed for DPP4i in the Black group (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30\u20130.84). There was no clear evidence of ethnic differences for other treatment comparators or cardiovascular outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found weak evidence suggesting a greater effect of DPP4i than SUs against MACE in Black people, particularly for heart failure hospitalisation, but no evidence of other ethnic differences in treatment effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T11:04:17Z","timestamp":1762945457000},"page":"1013-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethnic differences in the comparative effectiveness of second\u2010line type 2 diabetes medications in preventing cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mia","family":"Harley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Rentsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anoop S. 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