{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:42:50Z","timestamp":1772160170290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the association between initiating sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 (SGLT2) inhibitors compared to dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (DPP4) inhibitors and the rate of infection\u2010related hospitalisations among individuals with type 2 diabetes following hospital discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this active comparator, new user cohort study, we compared rates of infection\u2010related hospitalisations among new users of SGLT2 inhibitors to new users of DPP4 inhibitors over 2\u2009years post\u2010discharge. We analysed data from all public and private hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Weighted incidence rate ratios (wIRRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using negative binomial regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New users of SGLT2 inhibitors had a lower rate of overall infection\u2010related hospitalisations (wIRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.71\u20130.77), and specifically for sepsis (wIRR 0.60, 95% CI 0.54\u20130.66), pneumonia (wIRR 0.61, 95% CI 0.55\u20130.66), gastrointestinal infections (wIRR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70\u20130.85), urinary tract infections (wIRR 0.38, 95% CI 0.34\u20130.43), respiratory tract infections (wIRR 0.68, 95% CI 0.63\u20130.74), influenza (wIRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48\u20130.83) and kidney infections (wIRR 0.49, 95% CI 0.34\u20130.71). No significant differences were observed for rates of hospitalisation for cellulitis (wIRR 1.04, 95% CI 0.98\u20131.10). In contrast, hospitalisations for osteomyelitis (wIRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.27), foot infections (wIRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19\u20131.31), and genital mycotic infections (wIRR 1.48, 95% CI 1.24\u20131.76) were higher in new users of SGLT2 inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initiating SGLT2 inhibitors is associated with lower overall rates of infection\u2010related hospitalisations over 2\u2009years. However, the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and infection\u2010related hospitalisations is dependent on the type of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T10:32:25Z","timestamp":1762943545000},"page":"1057-1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Initiation of sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors and the risk of infection\u2010related hospitalisations: A population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1411-110X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Alfonso Arvez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Peharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2526-729X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George S. Q.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Peharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zanfina","family":"Ademi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Peharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0348-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenni","family":"Ilom\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Peharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6115-2767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Simon","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Peharmaceutical Sciences Monash University  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2.510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.70016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.National state and territory population.2025;https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/population\/national-state-and-territory-population\/sep-2024Accessed 2 May 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Victoria Department of Health.Victorian admitted episodes dataset (VAED) manual 2024\u20102025.2024;https:\/\/www.health.vic.gov.au\/publications\/victorian\u2010admitted\u2010episodes\u2010dataset\u2010vaed\u2010manual\u20102024\u20102025Accessed May 2 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1616-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-015-0053-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Management of type 2 diabetes: A handbook for general practice","author":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05304-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-021-01587-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration.Drug Safety Communication: FDA revises labels of SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes to include warnings about too much acid in the blood and serious urinary tract infections.https:\/\/wayback.archive-it.org\/7993\/20170112031533\/http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/ucm475463.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Department of Health Disability and Ageing.Therapeutic Goods Administration. 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