{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:39:33Z","timestamp":1780641573501,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), obesity and related comorbidities. Generic liraglutide recently became available, increasing its accessibility. While effective for weight and glycaemic control, its impact (magnitude, timing and regional patterns) on body composition remains uncertain. This exploratory study investigated short\u2010term effects of liraglutide on metabolic parameters, detailed body composition, and myostatin\u2010activin\u2010follistatin\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101 (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAFI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) axis components in individuals with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, crossover trial, 20 adults with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      received liraglutide (up to 1.8\u2009mg\/day) or placebo for 18\u2009days, separated by a washout period. Dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry assessed regional fat, lean, and bone compartments. Circulating C\u2010peptide and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAFI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      components were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed models with fixed effects for sequence, as well as time, treatment, and interactions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Liraglutide reduced total body mass (time\u2009\u00d7\u2009treatment\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) and lowered absolute and percent android fat (time\u2009\u00d7\u2009treatment\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01 and 0.04), as well as trunk fat mass (time\u2009\u00d7\u2009treatment\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), with no changes in lean or bone compartments over 18\u2009days. In the liraglutide group, C\u2010peptide decreased while total\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101 modestly increased (time\u2009\u00d7\u2009treatment\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026 and 0.002, respectively), with no treatment effects on other\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAFI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      components.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short\u2010term liraglutide reduced total body mass and regional trunk and android fat while also improving glycaemia, with no measurable effects on lean or bone tissue. Selective effects on hormones were observed, though their biological plausibility and clinical relevance as compensatory changes maintaining nonfat mass require further investigation. These findings provide early insights into initial responses to liraglutide therapy. Longer studies should assess whether sustained treatment modifies total and lean mass as well as endocrine regulators of muscle preservation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T05:30:50Z","timestamp":1764048650000},"page":"1258-1265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of liraglutide treatment for 18\u2009days on metabolic parameters, regional body composition and the myostatin\u2013activin\u2013follistatin\u2013\n                    <scp>IGF<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 axis: Results from an exploratory, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled, crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3893-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Gutierrez de Pi\u00f1eres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0521-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia S.","family":"Tamayo\u2010Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5315-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arantxa","family":"Ramirez\u2010Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianthi","family":"Kavelidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Stefanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos S.","family":"Mantzoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Boston VA Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Editor KF Assistant.FDA Approves Generic Version of Liraglutide Injection a GLP\u20101 for Weight Loss|Pharmacy Times: Pharmacy Practice News and Expert Insights [Internet].2025https:\/\/www.pharmacytimes.com\/view\/fda-approves-generic-version-of-liraglutide-injection-a-glp-1-for-weight-loss"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2343092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12888"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Twenty\u2010four\u2010week effects of liraglutide on body composition, adherence to appetite, and lipid profile in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Rondanelli M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0641-5546"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-024-05120-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155346"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.31.9.896"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13313"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2025.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3874-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S253097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-22-0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S79175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00193.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13524"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1132004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177885"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177966"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","first-page":"982","article-title":"The effects of liraglutide on body composition and muscle strength in adult obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"60","author":"Yu DN","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-024-01493-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0100"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.70313","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.70313","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.70313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T20:47:07Z","timestamp":1769719627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.70313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.70313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.70313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70313\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70313\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70313\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70313\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70313\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}