{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T22:52:12Z","timestamp":1776466332249,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The burden of type 1 diabetes (T1D)\u2010related chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to grow and demands attention. We aim to determine the global prevalence of CKD in T1D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from database inception to 23 May 2025. Grey literature and reference lists of relevant articles were also retrieved. Observational studies with at least 100 participants reporting the prevalence of CKD in T1D were included. In line with the Meta\u2010analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, data from eligible studies were extracted by two independent reviewers using a standardised form, with risk of bias assessed. A random\u2010effects model was applied for the meta\u2010analysis. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence. Secondary outcomes included the pooled prevalence stratified by study design, region, age, diabetes duration and glycated haemoglobin (HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), along with separate univariable meta\u2010regressions for diabetes duration and for HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our search identified 2187 studies; 19 met criteria and were included in the meta\u2010analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of CKD in T1D from 1\u2009371\u2009533 individuals was 22.3% (95% CI 18.9%\u201326.0%). Regional analysis showed the highest prevalence in the Americas (27.0%, 95% CI 21.8%\u201333.0%) and the lowest in Europe (19.4%, 95% CI 15.0%\u201324.7%). The prevalence was higher in adults (20.5%, 95% CI 18.0%\u201323.3%) than in adolescents (10.5%, 95% CI 7.4%\u201314.8%), in those with diabetes duration \u226510\u2009years (21.8%, 95% CI 16.9%\u201327.7%) than in those with a shorter duration (16.4%, 95% CI 15.5%\u201317.3%), and in those with HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20098% (27.7%, 95% CI 21.8%\u201334.6%) than in those with better glycemic control (17.9%, 95% CI 13.8%\u201322.9%). Meta\u2010regression revealed a significant association between CKD prevalence in T1D and higher HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels. High heterogeneity was observed among studies, with no studies at high risk of bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study found a high prevalence of CKD in T1D, and poor glycemic control increases the prevalence. Regular screening in T1D is necessary to reduce the risk of severe kidney disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:04:41Z","timestamp":1765958681000},"page":"1924-1933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shuping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wufei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1926-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University  Yichang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)30045\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S450370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102023\u2010075681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010017\u20104251\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581\u2010023\u201000782\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581\u2010021\u201000522\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech\u20102013\u2010203104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 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