{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:01:42Z","timestamp":1791669702054,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) are widely used for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, with once\u2010weekly dosing that supports adherence. However, injection\u2010site reactions (ISRs) and dermatologic events have been recognised, ranging from mild local events to rare systemic hypersensitivity reactions that may cause discontinuation. To evaluate dermatologic and ISR safety of GLP\u20101 RAs through a meta\u2010analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and disproportionality analysis of data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched through December 2024 to identify RCTs reporting ISR or dermatologic outcomes for GLP\u20101 RAs. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis synthesised trial evidence. A retrospective disproportionality analysis of FAERS data evaluated all approved GLP\u20101 RAs. Lower bound reporting odds ratios (LB ROR), proportional reporting ratios (PRR) and information components (IC) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pooled meta\u2010analysis of 14 RCTs that reported ISRs (4861 patients; 396 ISR events) showed increased ISR risk with GLP\u20101 RAs versus comparators (risk ratio 3.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.35\u20135.36;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200941.4%). Dermatologic events were infrequent and not significantly elevated. FAERS data analysis revealed potential ISR signals for exenatide and dulaglutide. Exenatide was associated with injection\u2010site haemorrhage (PRR: 27.6; LB ROR: 29.4; IC\n                      <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 4.6). Dulaglutide showed disproportionate reporting for injection\u2010site haemorrhage (PRR: 11.5; LB ROR: 11.5; IC\n                      <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 3.4).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101 RAs are consistently linked to higher ISR risk, especially with exenatide and dulaglutide, while generalised dermatologic events are rare. Clinicians should counsel patients about ISR risk to support adherence and optimise outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T11:01:37Z","timestamp":1765796497000},"page":"1956-1971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Injection\u2010site and dermatologic reactions associated with glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists: Insights from meta\u2010analysis of randomised controlled trials and real\u2010world evidence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4251-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shifa","family":"Taj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-7551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Zuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6390-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8924-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manik","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7480-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna","family":"Undela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)  Guwahati India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5209-2515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Smita","family":"Rawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3821-4595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Villa Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(06)69705\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd19\u20100100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010023\u201005906\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569\u2010023\u201000849\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db20\u20100361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13\u20101440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"LatifW LambrinosKJ PatelP RodriguezR.Compare and contrast the glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs). StatPearls. Updated February 25 2024. Accessed January 2025.https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK572151\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201009807\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2024.23332"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13929"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12824"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.0338"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"e181","article-title":"Cross\u2010sectional analysis of adverse dermatologic events reported to the FDA after use of GLP\u20101 agonists","volume":"23","author":"Ituarte BE","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403\u2010024\u201002969\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018\u2010199920020\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096\u2010022\u201001476\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"124","volume-title":"Signal Analysis in Pharmacovigilance","author":"Undela K","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2025.2521358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12\u20102006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010\u20102081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(15)60936\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(12)61267\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12\u20101333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14\u20100876"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(14)70029\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(10)60406\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(08)61206\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11\u20101935"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(16)30267\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14\u20101625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u20105491.2012.03745.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010143\u20108\u2010200510180\u201000006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040\u20101124.2012.00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13\u20102855"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300\u2010019\u20100646\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(18)30023\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010006\u20100510\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102006\u2010924230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010015\u20103795\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12\u20102462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11\u20101107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010014\u20103360\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u20105491.2011.03301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16\u20100238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09\u20100366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20101326.2009.01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13050127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20420986231181334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2024.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/ds20\u20100033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1900\/rds.2014.11.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010025\u201001859\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2020.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000544023"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.70382","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.70382","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.70382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:01:53Z","timestamp":1773010913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.70382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.70382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.70382","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}