{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:08:15Z","timestamp":1773014895505,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of diabetic nephropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be reduced through optimal glycaemic control. It is not known if the pharmacological properties of long\u2010acting insulin analogues may reduce the risk of diabetic complications compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. We compared the risk of diabetic nephropathy associated with the use of long\u2010acting insulin analogues with the use of intermediate\u2010acting NPH insulin among patients with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an active\u2010comparator, new user design and the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink AURUM. Our primary outcome was incident diabetic nephropathy, and our secondary outcomes were chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end\u2010stage renal disease (ESRD). We used Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each outcome associated with long\u2010acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence rate (per 1000 person\u2010years) of diabetic nephropathy was 16.3 (95% CI: 15.3\u201317.4) among initiators of long\u2010acting insulin analogues and 17.5 (95% CI: 16.3\u201318.8) among initiators of NPH insulin. Compared with NPH insulin, long\u2010acting insulin analogues were not associated with the risk of diabetic nephropathy (adjusted HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.85\u20131.04). The adjusted HR was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88\u20130.94) for CKD and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.46\u20131.32) for ESRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not find an association between use of a long\u2010acting insulin analogue, compared with use of NPH insulin, and the risk of diabetic nephropathy among patients with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T10:00:01Z","timestamp":1768212001000},"page":"2113-2122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010acting insulin analogues and the risk of diabetic nephropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes: A population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Brillinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Filliter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrzad","family":"Salmasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estefania","family":"Zapata\u2010Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oriana H. 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