{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:13:03Z","timestamp":1773810783485,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive destruction of pancreatic \u03b2 cells. Increasing evidence suggests that neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may contribute to early islet inflammation; however, their precise role in T1DM pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of neutrophils and NET formation in the development and progression of T1DM and to explore their potential immunopathological significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant clinical samples from patients with newly diagnosed T1DM and appropriate controls were analyzed, together with experimental data derived from established animal models of T1DM. Neutrophil activation and NET formation were assessed using established biomarkers, including citrullinated histone H3 and myeloperoxidase\u2013DNA complexes. Inflammatory responses and pancreatic islet injury were evaluated using immunological, histological, and molecular approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated levels of circulating NET\u2010associated markers were observed in patients with newly diagnosed T1DM and in early\u2010stage diabetic animal models. Neutrophil infiltration into pancreatic islets was evident at early disease stages and was associated with increased inflammatory activity and \u03b2\u2010cell dysfunction. Excessive NET formation correlated with enhanced immune activation, suggesting a contributory role of neutrophils and NETs in amplifying islet inflammation and autoimmune responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that neutrophils and NETs participate in the early immunopathogenesis of T1DM and may promote \u03b2\u2010cell injury through inflammatory and immune\u2010mediated mechanisms. Targeting dysregulated neutrophil activation and NET formation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for preserving \u03b2\u2010cell function and modifying disease progression in T1DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:00:24Z","timestamp":1769677224000},"page":"2682-2696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peptidylarginine deiminase 4\u2010mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation aggravates \u03b2\u2010cell damage in type 1 diabetes: A multi\u2010model study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2338-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Medical University  Dalian Liaoning China"},{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit The First People's Hospital of Zunyi\/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit The First People's Hospital of Zunyi\/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoushan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit The First People's Hospital of Zunyi\/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingbo","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit The First People's Hospital of Zunyi\/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit The First People's Hospital of Zunyi\/The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Medical University  Dalian Liaoning China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Guizhou Children's Hospital  Zunyi Guizhou China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Zunyi Medical University  Zunyi Guizhou 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