{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:14:03Z","timestamp":1773810843883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial aimed to evaluate the impact of different subcutaneous injection regions on the pharmacokinetics and safety of the once\u2010weekly basal insulin GZR4 in healthy Chinese participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This randomized, open\u2010label, three\u2010period crossover trial enrolled 24 healthy participants. Each participant received a single subcutaneous injection of GZR4 (3\u2009nmol\/kg) in the thigh, abdomen, and deltoid region of the upper arm (upper arm), respectively. This was followed by a four\u2010week observation period, with an additional one\u2010week interval between each injection. Blood samples were collected regularly to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of GZR4. The primary endpoint was the area under the concentration\u2010time curve from 0 to 672\u2009h after a single dose (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u2013672h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) across injection regions. Secondary endpoints included additional PK parameters, safety, and immunogenicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The GZR4 exposure (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u2013672h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was comparable across injections in the thigh, abdomen, and upper arm. The geometric mean AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u2013672h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio (90% CI) for abdomen\/upper arm was 104.8% (96.5%, 113.9%), for abdomen\/thigh was 102.6% (94.5%, 111.4%), for thigh\/upper arm was 102.2% (94.1%, 110.9%); all within the predefined equivalence range of 80.0%\u2013125.0%. A total of 22 participants (91.7%) experienced 51 treatment\u2010emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and all TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. No hypoglycaemic events, serious adverse events, or deaths were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In healthy Chinese participants, subcutaneous injection of GZR4 in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm displayed comparable drug exposure, with no clinically meaningful differences observed among the injection regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T07:07:20Z","timestamp":1767942440000},"page":"2827-2834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacokinetic properties of insulin\n                    <scp>GZR4<\/scp>\n                    after subcutaneous administration in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm in healthy participants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Long","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junmin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanxu","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingjuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunpu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gan &amp; Lee Pharmaceuticals  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gan &amp; Lee Pharmaceuticals  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gan &amp; Lee Pharmaceuticals  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gan &amp; Lee Pharmaceuticals  Beijing China"},{"name":"Gan &amp; Lee Pharmaceuticals Shandong Co., Ltd.  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