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Methods included physiological monitoring, biochemical assays, histopathology, 16S rRNA gut microbiota sequencing, serum metabolomics, and in vitro HepG2 cell experiments under BCAA\u2010deprived conditions to assess therapeutic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bu restored glucose\u2010lipid homeostasis and reduced multi\u2010organ oxidative\/inflammatory damage in T2DM rats. 16S rRNA sequencing showed Bu reversed gut dysbiosis, restored microbial diversity, and enriched butyrate\u2010producing bacteria, elevating fecal propionate and butyrate. Integration of non\u2010targeted and targeted metabolomics further demonstrated that Bu specifically decreased circulating branched\u2010chain amino acid (BCAA) levels, including leucine, isoleucine, valine, and their associated metabolites. In vitro validation confirmed that BCAA deprivation enhanced glucose uptake and attenuated lipid deposition in palmitate (PA)\u2010induced insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study demonstrates that Bu exerts multi\u2010target modulation of the gut microbiota\u2013metabolic axis, providing experimental evidence for its potential as a next\u2010generation probiotic for T2DM prevention and treatment and associates the improvement with altered BCAA metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:55:53Z","timestamp":1772970953000},"page":"3764-3776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gut microbiota\u2010mediated branched\u2010chain amino acid metabolism: A novel mechanism by which\n                    <i>Bacteroides uniformis<\/i>\n                    improves type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1536-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou 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