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Although pharmacological therapies such as glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists are effective, issues including side effects and cost limit their long\u2010term use. Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal, a non\u2010pharmacological traditional technique, has shown potential in improving metabolic health, but its efficacy and underlying mechanisms in T2DM remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the therapeutic effects of Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal on glucose and lipid metabolism and to explore whether its mechanisms involve the GLP1\u2013GLP1 receptor (GLP1R)\u2010insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)\/AMP\u2010activated protein kinase (AMPK)\/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A T2DM mouse model was established using a high\u2010fat diet. Mice were divided into control, T2DM model, liraglutide\u2010treated, and Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal\u2010treated groups. Systemic metabolic parameters, including body weight, blood glucose, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity, were assessed. Histopathological changes in the liver and jejunum were evaluated via H&amp;E staining. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on jejunal and hepatic tissues to identify differentially expressed genes. Key proteins and genes in the GLP1\u2010related pathway were examined using ELISA, qRT\u2010PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal significantly improved body weight, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in T2DM mice, with effects comparable or superior to liraglutide. Serum levels of haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA\u2010IR), triglycerides, and cholesterol were markedly restored. RNA\u2010seq revealed that jejunal tissues exhibited pronounced transcriptional responses to Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal, with enrichment in pathways related to metabolism, circadian rhythm, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal enhanced GLP1 and GLP1R expression in the jejunum and upregulated downstream effectors IRS1 and AMPK, while downregulating mTOR. Additionally, Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal\u2010regulated genes were associated with reduced risk of colorectal and liver cancers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal effectively ameliorates T2DM symptoms and systemic metabolic dysregulation by activating the GLP1\u2010GLP1R\u2010IRS1\/AMPK\/mTOR pathway, particularly in the jejunum. These findings support Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal as a promising non\u2010pharmacological intervention for T2DM, with potential benefits for preventing diabetes\u2010associated complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:35:30Z","timestamp":1772973330000},"page":"3819-3838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mo\u2010Rubbing abdominal improves metabolic homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice via a jejunum\u2010specific\n                    <scp>GLP1<\/scp>\n                    \u2010dependent mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Acupuncture and Massage Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine  Nanjing 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