{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:32:01Z","timestamp":1787027521117,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015223","name":"Danish Diabetes and Endocrine Academy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF17SA0031406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF17SA0031406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015223","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of an automated insulin\u2010glucagon delivery system (AIGD) compared with an automated insulin delivery system (AID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a 33\u2010h, randomised, crossover, inpatient study, 13 participants with type 1 diabetes used the DiaCon system in AIGD and AID modes. Each study period included two overnight stays and standardised challenges: receiving 50% of the calculated insulin bolus for breakfast, 100% bolus for lunch, 130% bolus for dinner, and a 45\u2010min unannounced bicycle exercise at 50% VO\n                      <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Co\u2010primary endpoints were (1) number of 15\u2010g carbohydrate treatments for plasma glucose &lt;3.0\u2009mmol\/L, and (2) percentage of time below 3.9\u2009mmol\/L.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The number of carbohydrate rescues was lower with AIGD versus AID (15 vs. 20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Percent time below range (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5% vs. 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.49), in range (TIR) 3.9\u201310.0\u2009mmol\/L (68.8\u2009\u00b1\u200914.9% vs. 66.9\u2009\u00b1\u200910.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.41) and above range &gt;10.0\u2009mmol\/L (27.5\u2009\u00b1\u200914.8% vs. 29.2\u2009\u00b1\u200910.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.46) were similar. Mean glucose and coefficient of variation were comparable between AIGD versus AID (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30). The post hoc analysis demonstrated that AIGD had significantly higher TIR 0\u20133\u2009h after exercise and fewer hypoglycaemia events (&lt;3.9\u2009mmol\/L) 0\u20133\u2009h after each meal. No differences were observed in nausea, headache, hunger, and palpitation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under challenging inpatient conditions, the AIGD system provided similar glucose control as AID but significantly reduced the need for carbohydrate rescue and enhanced TIR after exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:47:38Z","timestamp":1771552058000},"page":"3955-3964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of an automated insulin\u2010glucagon delivery system versus automated insulin delivery system during challenging inpatient conditions. A single\u2010blind randomised controlled crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-6071","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"PhD","given":"Ajenthen G.","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Technology Research, Clinical and Translational Research Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Diabetes Academy  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9253-9457","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"PhD","given":"Christian","family":"Laugesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Technology Research, Clinical and Translational Research Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"PhD","given":"Dimitri","family":"Boiroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark  Kongens Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6968-6675","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"PhD","given":"Signe","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Technology Research, Clinical and Translational Research Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"PhD","given":"Asbj\u00f8rn T.","family":"Reenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark  Kongens Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"DMSc","given":"Jens Juul","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"PhD","given":"John B.","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark  Kongens Lyngby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"DMSc","given":"Kirsten","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Technology Research, Clinical and Translational Research Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen  Herlev Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","article-title":"Efficacy of automated insulin delivery systems in people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis of outpatient randomised controlled trials","volume":"82","author":"Stahl\u2010Pehe A","year":"2025","journal-title":"E Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2025.2740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dsi25-0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.02956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2025.101693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-0702"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.11.647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2015.7172134"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"The effects of training on heart rate; 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