{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:32Z","timestamp":1787027492548,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["211086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["211086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["358395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["358395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["571281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["571281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the association of insulin resistance, assessed using the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), and the risk of adverse clinical outcomes, and determine any effect modification on the efficacy of glucose\u2010 and blood pressure (BP)\u2010lowering treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Briefly, 11\u2009140 participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were recruited from 20 countries for the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. eGDR was derived from waist circumference, hypertension status and glycated haemoglobin, calculated in 11\u2009081 participants. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of the association of eGDR with clinical events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a median of 5\u2009years of follow\u2010up, 2117 participants (19.1%) experienced a major macrovascular or microvascular event. Compared with individuals in the lowest quarter of eGDR, those in the highest quarter had significantly lower risks of a composite major macrovascular and microvascular event (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62\u20130.84). Similar associations were seen for major macrovascular events (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55\u20130.85), major microvascular events (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63\u20130.96), all\u2010cause mortality (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55\u20130.86), and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45\u20130.85). No significant effect modification was observed across eGDR quarters for the efficacy or safety of intensive glucose control (vs. standard control) or BP\u2013lowering treatment (vs. placebo).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the value of eGDR as a prognostic marker for T2D. Intensive glucose\u2010 and BP\u2010lowering treatments remain beneficial regardless of insulin resistance status.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      identifier: NCT00145925\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:38:17Z","timestamp":1773124697000},"page":"4176-4184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate and Risk of Vascular Events and Death in Type 2 Diabetes in the\n                    <scp>ADVANCE<\/scp>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2725-5228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruirui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"},{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non\u2010Communicable Diseases Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales  Randwick New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology for Brain\u2010Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Neurology Department Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Marre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique Ambroise Par\u00e9. Diab\u00e9tologie\u2010Endocrinologie  Neuilly\u2010Sur\u2010Seine France"},{"name":"Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Harrap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Hamet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montr\u00e9al Diabetes Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Milan 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