{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:27:37Z","timestamp":1783430857359,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) management has shifted towards integrated cardiometabolic and renal risk reduction. Although glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs) and newer dual agonists show promising benefits, comparative evidence across agents and outcomes remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the cardiovascular and renal effects of modern GLP\u20101RAs (dulaglutide, semaglutide, lixisenatide), tirzepatide and cotadutide in high\u2010risk T2D populations, and to explore multivariate relationships among clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis was conducted following PRISMA and Cochrane guidance (PROSPERO: CRD42024592825). Randomised controlled trials published between 2014 and 2025 with \u2265\u20096\u2009months follow\u2010up were included. Outcomes were cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, total major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), eGFR and UACR. Random\u2010 and common\u2010effects models were applied using netmeta (R). Treatment rankings were estimated using\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores. Inconsistency, heterogeneity and small\u2010study effects were evaluated. Correlation networks and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to characterise interrelationships among clinical variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010four trials were included, predominantly multinational CVOTs and CKD\u2010focused studies. Semaglutide regimens showed the most consistent reduction in MACE and MI versus placebo, with the strongest effect observed for semaglutide combined with SGLT2 inhibition. Dulaglutide 1.5\u2009mg and tirzepatide 15\u2009mg significantly reduced stroke risk. Cardiovascular death estimates were largely imprecise with evidence of small\u2010study effects. Renal effects differed by endpoint: eGFR changes were generally modest, whereas UACR showed marked reductions, particularly with dulaglutide plus dapagliflozin, DPP\u20104 inhibitors and semaglutide 1\u2009mg. PCA confirmed strong cardiometabolic\u2010renal interdependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular and renal benefits of GLP\u20101\u2010based therapies are outcome\u2010specific. Semaglutide favoured MACE\/MI reduction, dulaglutide and tirzepatide supported stroke prevention, and albuminuria outcomes were more responsive than eGFR. Further long\u2010term head\u2010to\u2010head trials are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:16:27Z","timestamp":1773137787000},"page":"4630-4652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relative Efficacy of Next\u2010Generation Incretin Therapies for Cardio\u2010Renal Protection in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Network Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Thi\u2010Phuong\u2010Thao","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi\u2010Minh\u2010Nhat","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Medicine Duy Tan University  Da Nang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"The\u2010Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Acupuncture Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine  Hanoi Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien\u2010Phat","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Public Health Department China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc\u2010Phuoc","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi\u2010Thuy\u2010Duong","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Medicine Duy Tan University  Da Nang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh\u2010Thien","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Medicine Duy Tan University  Da Nang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh\u2010Huong","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Medicine Duy Tan University  Da Nang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dang\u2010Mai\u2010Linh","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Medicine Duy Tan University  Da Nang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4252-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai\u2010Anh","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy  Da Nang Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265\u2010014\u20100320\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8755122517711958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15\u20102479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8755122518790925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.03.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010022\u201001604\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db21\u2010674\u2010P"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. 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