{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:02:54Z","timestamp":1780459374610,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To illustrate a T2DM policy model incorporating socio\u2010economic status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the Scottish Diabetes Research Network (SDRN) national diabetes cohort, we identified individuals newly diagnosed with T2DM between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2020 and followed from diagnosis until death or end of follow\u2010up. Covariates included sex, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles, ethnicity, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), eGFR, total cholesterol, high\u2010density lipoprotein, BMI, smoking status and cardiovascular disease history. Remaining life expectancy was modelled using Gompertz regression, stratified by sex and SIMD. Probabilities of complications were estimated using repeated measure logistic regression, and healthcare costs were modelled using repeated measure linear regression. A parameterised Kaplan\u2013Meier sample\u2010average estimator was used to obtain life expectancy, quality\u2010adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 269\u2009759 people newly diagnosed with T2DM. The mean age at diagnosis was 63\u2009years, 56% were male and 24% lived in the most deprived areas. Total follow\u2010up was 2\u2009090\u2009108 patient\u2010years (median 7\u2009years per patient). Approximately one in four patients died during follow\u2010up. The most common T2DM\u2010related complications were coronary heart disease and heart failure. For a man diagnosed at age 50 in the most deprived quintile, with all other covariates at average values, the model predicted a remaining life expectancy of 26.7\u2009years, 21.1 QALYs and healthcare costs of \u00a3273\u2009k (undiscounted). For the same profile, the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio for a hypothetical intervention reducing HbA1c by 1% was \u00a37832 per QALY.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a T2DM policy model incorporating socio\u2010economic deprivation, providing estimates of life expectancy, QALYs and healthcare costs to inform health technology assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:16:08Z","timestamp":1773908168000},"page":"4772-4783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Type 2 Diabetes Policy Model That Predicts Remaining Life Expectancy, Quality\u2010Adjusted Life Expectancy and Healthcare Costs for Use in Economic Evaluation, Incorporating Equity Concerns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3255-3449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houra","family":"Haghpanahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah H.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Geue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Butterly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"McMeekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health &amp; Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"McGurnaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke A. 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