{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:49:19Z","timestamp":1789044559339,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated long\u2010term cost\u2010effectiveness of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems versus multiple daily injections (MDI)\u2009+\u2009CGM in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), adults with T1D and insulin\u2010treated individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) across Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical outcomes and economic footprints were analysed for horizons up to 50\u2009years from a healthcare system perspective using the IQVIA Core Diabetes Model. Five patient profiles were modelled: T1D paediatrics (T1D\u2010Paed), T1D adults with high baseline HbA1c (T1D\u2010Adult), real\u2010world evidence in T1D adults with lower baseline HbA1c (T1D\u2010Adult\n                      <jats:sub>RWE<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), T2D adults (T2D\u2010Adult) and older T2D adults (T2D\u2010Elder). Costs were inflated to July 2024, with 3% annual discounting. Sensitivity analyses explored scenarios varying time horizons and HbA1c effect sizes and inclusion of hypoglycaemia rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AID systems were estimated to lead to a reduction in diabetes\u2010related complications in all groups, most notably in the T1D\u2010Adult group (318 vs. 542 complications per 100 individuals). Improvements translated into lifetime cost savings (\u20ac1435 to \u20ac26\u2009259), increased life expectancy (LE) and more quality\u2010adjusted life years (QALYs). Incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratios (ICERs) remained below willingness\u2010to\u2010pay thresholds in all countries (from \u20ac14\u2009695\/QALY for T1D\u2010Adult in Finland to \u20ac56\u2009711\/QALY for T1D\u2010Adult\n                      <jats:sub>RWE<\/jats:sub>\n                      in Denmark), confirming AID is cost\u2010effective across all groups in the Nordic region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AID therapy consistently projected reduced diabetes\u2010related complications while remaining cost\u2010effective across a broad spectrum of diabetes patient profiles in the Nordic region. These findings strengthen the case towards widespread integration of AID technology into national diabetes care frameworks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:53:30Z","timestamp":1773910410000},"page":"4784-4794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cost\u2010Effectiveness of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Paediatrics,\n                    <scp>T1D<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>T2D<\/scp>\n                    Adults Across Four Nordic Countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Johan","family":"Jendle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro 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