{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:42:04Z","timestamp":1792269724582,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes is increasingly recognised as a major contributor to cognitive decline and dementia, but the risk varies by diabetes type and treatment intensity. We compared the risk of all\u2010cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) among individuals with and without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population\u2010based retrospective cohort study analysed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (2013\u20132024). A total of 1\u2009322\u2009651 adults aged \u2265\u200940\u2009years without prior dementia were included. Participants were classified as non\u2010diabetic, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), T2DM with insulin, or type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Incident dementia was identified using ICD\u201010 codes and anti\u2010dementia prescriptions. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle and clinical factors estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia incidence rates per 1000 person\u2010years were 4.3 (non\u2010diabetic), 12.7 (T2DM with OHA), 17.9 (T2DM with insulin) and 21.1 (T1DM). Compared with non\u2010diabetic participants, aHRs for all\u2010cause dementia were 1.29 (95% CI 1.26\u20131.32) for T2DM with OHA, 2.14 (2.00\u20132.28) for T2DM with insulin and 2.35 (2.12\u20132.59) for T1DM. Similar trends were observed for AD and VaD. Dementia risk was highest in individuals with T1DM and insulin\u2010treated T2DM, with no significant difference between these groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes was associated with a higher risk of dementia, particularly among individuals with T1DM and insulin\u2010treated T2DM, suggesting that insulin\u2010requiring diabetes represents a high\u2010risk phenotype for cognitive decline. Proactive cognitive screening and optimised glycemic management, including strategies to reduce glycemic variability such as continuous glucose monitoring, may help mitigate dementia risk in these vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:57:46Z","timestamp":1773910666000},"page":"4915-4925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dementia Risk in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population\u2010Based Comparison"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7857-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u2010Kyung","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5001-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &amp; Technology, Sungkyunkwan University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01346-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.55733"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.91041.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1323-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0894-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0780"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.20071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46656"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15649"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Neuronal Changes in Diabetics","volume":"13","author":"Luna R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-022-01475-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0953-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"S76","article-title":"Inflammation, Defective Insulin Signaling, and Neuronal Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"10","author":"Ferreira S. 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