{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:27:21Z","timestamp":1791530841171,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prior systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses (SRMs) evaluating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in pregnancy have yielded heterogeneous results due to pooling gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with pregestational diabetes, combining different CGM technologies (real\u2010time, flash and retrospective) and mixing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with observational designs. Several large RCTs have recently been published, necessitating an updated, design\u2010restricted evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic databases were systematically searched for RCTs assessing CGM versus self\u2010monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in pregnant women with GDM or pregestational diabetes. CGM modalities (real\u2010time, flash and retrospective) and diabetes subtypes were analysed separately. Primary outcomes were neonatal intensive\u2010care unit (NICU) admission and large\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age (LGA) infants; secondary outcomes included other neonatal outcomes, maternal complications and CGM\u2010derived glycaemic metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventeen RCTs were included (13 GDM, 4 pregestational\u2010diabetes). Real\u2010time CGM significantly reduced NICU admissions in GDM compared to SMBG (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34\u20130.90;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%). However trial sequential analysis showed that the current evidence has lack of power but not lack of effect with regards to reduction in NICU admission. Retrospective CGM in GDM was associated with lower risk of LGA (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22\u20130.98;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%). Other feto\u2010maternal outcomes like birthweight, macrosomia, Caesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders, neonatal hypoglycaemia and preterm\u2010birth showed no significant difference between CGM and SMBG. No CGM modality conferred measurable benefit on feto\u2010maternal outcomes in pregestational diabetes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RT\u2010CGM probably reduces NICU admission (moderate\u2010certainty), but TSA indicates that current evidence is still information\u2010size limited, so further large RCTs are warranted. Use of other CGM models in GDM and pregestational diabetes was largely neutral with regard to feto\u2010maternal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:57:59Z","timestamp":1775555879000},"page":"5590-5603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of Real Time, Flash and Retrospective Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Feto\u2010Maternal Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes and Pre\u2010Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4915-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deep","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Center for Endocrinology Diabetes Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism (CEDAR) Superspeciality Healthcare  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sweekruti","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Kalinga Hospital  Bhuwaneshwar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9378-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunal","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Himachal Heart Institute  Mandi Himachal Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5681-6522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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M.","family":"Kamrul Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Mymensingh Medical College  Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritin","family":"Mohindra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Post\u2010Graduate Institute of Medical Education &amp; Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Kalpavriksha Superspeciality Healthcare  New Delhi 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