{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:44:57Z","timestamp":1789753497075,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although pregabalin is a first\u2010line therapy for painful diabetic polyneuropathy (PDPN), its optimal dose\u2013response relationship remains unclear. We conducted a network meta\u2010analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed pregabalin dosages in PDPN patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched major databases through October 2025 comparing various doses of pregabalin (75, 150, 300, and 600\u2009mg\/day) with placebo in adults with PDPN. The outcomes were short\u2010 and long\u2010term changes in the average daily pain score, patient\/clinician global impression of change, and adverse events (AEs) including dizziness, somnolence, headache, and peripheral oedema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve RCTs were eligible. In the short term, pregabalin 300 (Standardised Mean Difference [SMD], 1.09; 95% CI, 0.69\u20131.50) and pregabalin 600\u2009mg\/day (SMD, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.24\u20131.55) produced significant pain reduction compared with placebo. In the long term, both pregabalin 300 (SMD, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06\u20130.17) and 600\u2009mg\/day (SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.23\u20130.38) remained effective, whereas pregabalin 75 and 150\u2009mg\/day did not demonstrate superiority over placebo. Regarding safety, both pregabalin 300 and 600\u2009mg\/day were associated with greater risks of dizziness, somnolence, and peripheral oedema compared with pregabalin 75\u2009mg\/day, pregabalin 150\u2009mg\/day, and placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregabalin doses \u2264\u2009150\u2009mg\/day demonstrated no clinical benefit over placebo. Conversely, both pregabalin 300 and 600\u2009mg\/day showed a pain reduction effect at short\u2010 and long\u2010term follow\u2010up. Given that pregabalin 600\u2009mg\/day was associated with a higher incidence of AEs, pregabalin 300\u2009mg\/day appears to offer a more favourable balance, aligning potent efficacy with a manageable safety profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T09:39:22Z","timestamp":1776073162000},"page":"5637-5648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimising the Therapeutic Window: A Systematic Review and Network Meta\u2010Analysis of Pregabalin Dosing Strategies for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4969-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doyun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5074-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee\u2010Jae","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Seoul Medical Center  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3819-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junho","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Daegu Catholic University Hospital  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1222-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonghae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8858-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eonju","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0398-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanggyu","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12644"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00285"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","article-title":"Pregabalin for Neuropathic Pain in Adults","volume":"1","author":"Derry S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000145767.36287.A1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000198"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03300-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2017.1384691"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S129832"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101424"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7521.897"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","article-title":"Pregabalin for Acute and Chronic Pain in Adults","volume":"3","author":"Moore R. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) \u201cNeuropathic Pain\u2014Drug Treatment \u201d2024 https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/neuropathic\u2010pain\u2010drug\u2010treatment\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","unstructured":"H.Jpt \u201cCochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions \u201d2008 http:\/\/www.cochrane\u2010handbook.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100789"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22237\/jmasm\/1257035100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-020-00156-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2023.26.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-8-33"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001227"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12585"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1044"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000263"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023600"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-018-0664-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0092-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/168039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032927"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.682244"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012730"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.455003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11536200-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X1201140117162802"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-00115550-200809000-00001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Treating Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: An Update","volume":"94","author":"Snyder M. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22092"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","unstructured":"Methodology WHOCCfDS \u201cATC\/DDD Index 2025: Pregabalin (ATC code N02BF02) \u201d2025 https:\/\/atcddd.fhi.no\/atc_ddd_index\/?code=N02BF&showdescription=no."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","unstructured":"Organization WH \u201cDefined Daily Dose (DDD): Definition and General Considerations [Internet] \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/atc\u2010ddd\u2010toolkit\/about\u2010ddd."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414534325"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00090"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.121390"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.70748","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.70748","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.70748","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T07:33:07Z","timestamp":1786087987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.70748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.70748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.70748","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70748\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70748\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70748\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70748\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70748\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70748\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70748\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}