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We included 158\u2009961 new users of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101 receptor agonists and 188\u2009065 new users of sulfonylureas, aged 45\u2009years or older. Liraglutide accounted for 72.9% of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20101 receptor agonist follow\u2010up time, followed by semaglutide (13.4%), exenatide (7.3%), dulaglutide (5.1%) and lixisenatide (1.3%). The primary outcome was incident Parkinson's disease, defined as a first\u2010ever diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u201010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G20<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) or Parkinson's disease dementia (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u201010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F02<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .3) in national patient registers. Cox regression with propensity score weighting was used to estimate hazard ratios (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and control for confounding.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean age was 65\u2009years and 43% were female. Incidence rates for Parkinson's disease were 5.2 and 8.0 per 10\u2009000 person\u2010years among GLP\u20101 receptor agonist and sulfonylurea users, respectively (adjusted HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.68\u20130.96]). Results were consistent in a 2\u2010year lag\u2010time analysis (HR 0.84 [95% CI 0.70\u20131.02]) after excluding or censoring users of DPP\u20104 inhibitors at cohort entry or during follow\u2010up (HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.60\u20130.93]) and in subgroup analyses by sex and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large observational cohort study, use of GLP\u20101 receptor agonists compared with sulfonylureas was associated with a lower risk of incident Parkinson's disease. These findings support a potential neuroprotective role of GLP\u20101 receptor agonists, though replication in additional studies is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:48:50Z","timestamp":1776419330000},"page":"5767-5778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Use of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: Scandinavian Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvid","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Solna Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm 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