{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:56:52Z","timestamp":1786121812948,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the effects of probiotics\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium bifidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      G9\u20101 (BBG9\u20101) on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diarrhoea or constipation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a 12\u2010week open\u2010label randomised controlled trial, 100 participants were randomized 1:1 to a control or BBG9\u20101 group, with 12\u2009mg of\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      administered daily. The primary endpoint was the change in total Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) score (range: 1\u20137) in the full analysis set (BBG9\u20101:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200943; control:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200951).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BBG9\u20101 intake significantly improved the GSRS total score (from 2.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.67 to 1.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.62) compared with control (from 2.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.67 to 2.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63; between\u2010group difference, \u22120.34 [95% CI: \u22120.55 to \u22120.14;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001]). Subgroup analyses indicated greater GSRS total score improvement in women, participants with constipation, aged \u2265\u200965\u2009years, and BMI &lt;\u200925\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Among the GSRS subscales, BBG9\u20101 showed a significantly greater mean reduction in constipation scores than control (\u22120.79\u2009\u00b1\u20091.38 vs. \u22120.13\u2009\u00b1\u20091.04;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013). Although the mean change in diarrhoea scores did not differ significantly (\u22120.42\u2009\u00b1\u20091.14 vs. \u22120.06\u2009\u00b1\u20091.08;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.14), the follow\u2010up diarrhoea score was significantly lower with BBG9\u20101 (2.04\u2009\u00b1\u20091.00 vs. 2.58\u2009\u00b1\u20091.44;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049). Through gut microbiota analysis, the relative abundance of genera\n                      <jats:italic>Phocaeicola<\/jats:italic>\n                      increased significantly in the BBG9\u20101 group (from 15.98\u2009\u00b1\u200913.75 to 19.56%\u2009\u00b1\u200914.79% vs. from 18.14\u2009\u00b1\u200914.17 to 18.21\u2009\u00b1\u200913.58,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042). Assessment of faecal short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) revealed no significant changes associated with BBG9\u20101 administration. The incidence of adverse effects were similar between the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BBG9\u20101 administration significantly improved gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs051220127)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T09:13:22Z","timestamp":1776849202000},"page":"5952-5967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Bifidobacterium bifidum G9\u20101<\/i>\n                    Intake Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open\u2010Label, Randomized Controlled Trial (Binary\n                    <scp>STAR<\/scp>\n                    Study)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6154-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Makino Hospital  Takashima Shiga Japan"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Matsushita Memorial Hospital  Moriguchi Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-9469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Diabetology Kameoka Municipal Hospital  Kameoka Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saori","family":"Majima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Senmaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emi","family":"Ushigome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Fundamental Science Kyoto Institute of Technology  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1707-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8651-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahide","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine  Kyoto Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20108587(25)00299\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.16.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300\u2010016\u20100182\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010017\u20104278\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10\u20101303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102014\u2010306928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102036.2008.03853.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1412908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348\u20100421.12743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S13340\u2010020\u201000439\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"GSRS? A Clinical Rating Scale for Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Peptic Ulcer Disease","volume":"33","author":"Svedlund J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"GSRS\u2010A Clinical Rating Scale for Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Peptic Ulcer Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709011203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348\u20100421.13224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253\u2010024\u201013303\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00008\u201007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462\u20102920.13589"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Roles of Short\u2010Chain Fatty Acids and Their Receptors in Colonic Motility","volume":"29","author":"Karaki S. I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522\u2010024\u201000524\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201048775\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.9.819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324\u2010025\u201000066\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602\u2010025\u201010613\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i25.3425"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(21)00023\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149\u20102918(01)80109\u20100"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.70805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.70805","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.70805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T07:34:20Z","timestamp":1786088060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.70805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.70805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.70805","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v1\/review7","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v1\/review6","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v1\/review5","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v1\/review4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.70805\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}