{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:14:53Z","timestamp":1789172093809,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006989","name":"Jackson State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN268201800013I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201800013I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2300385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2300385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify frailty subtypes among African American adults with and without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis included data from 3979 African American men and women who enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study at baseline (Exam1: 2000\u20132004). To identify frailty subtypes, we selected 25 age\u2010related deficits in health and functional outcomes as indicator variables to use in multiple\u2010group latent class analysis (LCA), with diabetes status as the grouping variable. Components included markers of general health, physical function, social engagement, work, activities of daily living, behaviour\/lifestyle, sleep, age\u2010related chronic diseases, pain, clinical biomarkers, and sensorineural abilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three frailty groups were identified for adults with and without diabetes: the \u2018severely frail\u2019 group (15.2% of those without diabetes; 22.4% of those with diabetes); the \u2018moderately frail\u2019 group (21.7% of those without diabetes; 13.1% of those with diabetes); and the \u2018not frail\u2019 group (63.1% of those without diabetes; 64.5% of those with diabetes). Adults in the \u2018severely frail\u2019 group had higher probabilities of poor health perception, limited mobility, high blood pressure, obesity, and claudication, and this was similar for those with and without diabetes. Among individuals in the \u2018moderately frail\u2019 group, higher probabilities of poor health perception, limited mobility, high blood pressure, obesity, and claudication were found among those with diabetes, whereas only sleep quality and obesity had higher probabilities among those without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three heterogeneous frailty subgroups were identified among African American adults, with similarities and differences noted for those with and without diabetes with regard to high probabilities for certain deficits in health and functional outcomes. Further investigation is needed to evaluate if these subgroups predict health\u2010related outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:31:26Z","timestamp":1780360286000},"page":"7218-7226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Frailty Subtypes in\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    frican\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    merican Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Latent Class Analysis From the\n                    <scp>J<\/scp>\n                    ackson\n                    <scp>H<\/scp>\n                    eart\n                    <scp>S<\/scp>\n                    tudy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-5564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia R.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Winston\u2010Salem State University  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3711-1949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Espeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain G.","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jai 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