{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:21:51Z","timestamp":1790914911649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older adults. Whilst glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs) are increasingly prescribed for obesity management, their potential impact on AMD risk in individuals without diabetes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between GLP\u20101RA initiation and the risk of incident AMD in obese adults without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a target trial emulation using the TriNetX global health research network (January 2014\u2013June 2025). Eligible participants were adults aged \u2265\u200960\u2009years with obesity but without diabetes mellitus. New users of GLP\u20101RAs were compared with new users of other weight\u2010loss medications. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident AMD over a maximum 7\u2010year observation window (median follow\u2010up: 1.11\u2009years [IQR: 1.48] in the GLP\u20101RA group versus 2.56\u2009years [IQR: 3.89] in the comparator group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 157\u2009880 matched patients (78\u2009940 per group), GLP\u20101RA use was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident AMD (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68\u20130.98) compared with other weight\u2010loss medications. Subtype analyses revealed reduced risk for unspecified AMD (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52\u20130.93) and a potential trend towards a lower risk of nonexudative AMD (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.60\u20131.00;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.050). Subgroup analyses suggested stronger effects in women and adults aged 60\u201369\u2009years; all subgroup findings should be interpreted as exploratory.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101RA use is associated with a reduced risk of incident AMD\u2014statistically significant for unspecified AMD, with a potential trend towards a lower risk of nonexudative AMD\u2014in obese adults without diabetes. Whether this reflects direct GLP\u20101RA neuroprotective mechanisms, greater weight\u2010loss magnitude or both remains to be determined. Further mechanistic research and prospective clinical trials are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T05:21:14Z","timestamp":1779772874000},"page":"6973-6984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration in Older Adults With Obesity: A Target Trial Emulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0128-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Yuanlin Christian Hospital  Changhua Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia\u2010Yu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education Chi Mei Medical Center  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris Yuan\u2010Hao","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Undersea Medical Institute  Groton Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Academic Success Centers, Houston City College  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8685-3925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010Hsien","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital  Changhua Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung 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