{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:15:16Z","timestamp":1789172116502,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is among the most costly and prevalent complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with annual incremental healthcare costs reaching US$12800 in Hong Kong. We evaluated the cost\u2010effectiveness of NT\u2010proBNP\u2010guided cardiovascular risk stratification to guide cardioprotective treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a four\u2010state Markov cohort model with transition probabilities estimated from the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank (2014\u20132019). Patients were classified as low or high risk of HF based on NT\u2010proBNP cut\u2010offs of 400 and 125\u2009pg\/mL. The analysis was conducted from a payer's perspective over a lifetime horizon, utilising annual cycles and 2023 costs. Outcomes included incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratios (ICERs), life years (LY) and quality\u2010adjusted life years (QALY), with a willingness\u2010to\u2010pay (WTP) threshold of USD 50889 to USD 152667 (1\u20133\u2009\u00d7\u2009Hong Kong GDP per capita).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NT\u2010proBNP screening utilising 400\u2009pg\/mL was cost\u2010saving (ICER: \u2212USD $6558 per QALY) versus standard of care, yielding lower costs (\u2212USD $846) and higher QALYs (0.129). The 125\u2009pg\/mL cut\u2010off was cost\u2010effective (ICER: USD $29\u2009290 per QALY). Deterministic sensitivity analysis showed NT\u2010proBNP specificity as the key driver of ICERs in both cut\u2010offs. Probability Sensitivity Analysis results revealed a 100% probability of dominance for the 400\u2009pg\/mL cut\u2010off and 98% for the 125\u2009pg\/mL cut\u2010off at Hong Kong\u2019s willingness\u2010to\u2010pay thresholds (USD$50,889\u2013152,667).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using NT\u2010proBNP to prioritise use of cardioprotective treatment on top of standard of care to reduce the risk of progression to HF in Chinese patients with T2D is cost\u2010effective, supporting its integration into clinical practise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:48:58Z","timestamp":1780537738000},"page":"7342-7351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost\u2010Effectiveness of\n                    <scp>NT<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>proBNP<\/scp>\n                    \u2013Guided Cardiovascular Screening in Chinese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Real\u2010World Evidence From the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Abby Q. 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