{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:03:58Z","timestamp":1786122238759,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sodium\u2013glucose co\u2010transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) have separately shown renoprotective effects in clinical trials in people with type 2 diabetes. It is unclear whether combining these agents produces incremental kidney outcome benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study with a prevalent new\u2010user design using pseudonymised data from the Oxford\u2010Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care sentinel network. We extracted data for two cohorts prescribed SGLT2is and\/or GLP\u20101 RAs between January 2013 and December 2021. We 1:1 propensity score matched SGLT2i plus GLP\u20101 RA combination users with monotherapy (SGLT2i or GLP\u20101RA) users. Multivariable linear regression analyses estimated adjusted mean differences in absolute change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (baseline to 1\u2010 and 2\u2010years follow\u2010up) between combination and monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across the matched combination and SGLT2i monotherapy groups (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914\u2009774), mean decline in eGFR, baseline to 1\u2010year, was \u22124.5\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 2\u2010years, \u22125.0\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , with no difference when comparing combination and SGLT2i monotherapy. Across the matched combination and GLP\u20101 RA monotherapy groups (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914\u2009154), mean decline in eGFR, baseline to 1\u2010year, was \u22125.4\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 2\u2010years, \u22126.1\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , but combination therapy was associated with a smaller eGFR reduction compared with GLP\u20101 RA monotherapy (difference in eGFR at 1\u2010year: [mean, 95% confidence interval, CI] 2.2, 1.7 to 2.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; and at 2\u2010years: 2.1, 1.4\u20132.7,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In real\u2010world clinical practice, the combination of SGLT2i and GLP\u20101 RA may be more effective for preserving kidney function than GLP\u20101 RA monotherapy. This effect was not seen with combination versus SGLT2i monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T11:57:30Z","timestamp":1781611050000},"page":"7950-7963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combining Sodium\u2013Glucose Co\u2010Transporter\u20102 Inhibitor Plus Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonist for Glucose\u2010Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes: Effects of Drug Initiation Sequence on Kidney Function in Real\u2010World Clinical Practice (\n                    <scp>CombiKid<\/scp>\n                    Study)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4927-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Hinton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences 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