{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:04:49Z","timestamp":1786122289693,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025A151501299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A151501299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADOD) impose a growing burden in aging high\u2010SDI regions, a composite of income, education, and fertility. Metabolic risks are major modifiable contributors, but region\u2010specific estimates for Western Europe are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using GBD 2023 data, we estimated deaths, disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs), age\u2010standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age\u2010standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) attributable to metabolic risks in 24 countries. Analyses were stratified by sex, age, and Level 2 metabolic risks (high BMI, high FPG). Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and decomposition analysis quantified contributions from population growth, aging, and epidemiological change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2023, ASMR and ASDR were 6.84 (95% UI: 1.38\u201318.30) and 117.80 (35.67\u2013252.14) per 100\u2009000, increasing 18.8% and 17.6% from 1990; corresponding EAPCs were 0.45 and 0.43. Metabolic risks accounted for 90094.8 deaths (18262.6\u2013241493.9). Females had higher age\u2010standardized rates; males showed slightly higher EAPCs. High FPG remained dominant, while high BMI increased faster, particularly among males. Monaco had the highest ASMR and ASDR, whereas Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom contributed the largest absolute burden. Decomposition analysis showed demographic changes primarily drove high FPG burden, while epidemiological changes contributed more to high BMI outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADOD burden attributable to metabolic risks continues to rise across Western Europe, with substantial variation across countries, sex, age, and risk factors. High FPG burden is largely demographic\u2010driven; high BMI burden reflects adverse epidemiological trends. Findings support targeted metabolic interventions, including obesity control and diabetes management integrated into dementia prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:38:42Z","timestamp":1782265122000},"page":"8299-8328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Burden of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Other Dementias Attribute to Metabolic Risks in Western Europe From 1990 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7769-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou 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Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaofeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiansong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Huizhou First Hospital, Guangdong Medical University  Huizhou 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