{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:04:37Z","timestamp":1787929477947,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between substance use disorders (SUDs), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all\u2010cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the TriNetX Research Network, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis of adults aged \u2265\u200918\u2009years diagnosed with T2DM between January 2016 and December 2022. Patients diagnosed with cannabis\u2010, opioid\u2010, or cocaine\u2010related disorders within 1\u2009year prior to their T2DM diagnosis were identified. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance demographics, comorbidities, and medication use between the SUD and non\u2010SUD cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After PSM, each group included 69\u2009419 individuals. Over a 3\u2010year follow\u2010up period, the SUD cohort exhibited significantly elevated risks of acute myocardial infarction (HR 1.994; 95% CI 1.766\u20132.253), atrial fibrillation (HR 1.455; 95% CI 1.300\u20131.630), heart failure (HR 1.837; 95% CI 1.693\u20131.994), stroke (HR 1.524; 95% CI 1.354\u20131.715), and all\u2010cause mortality (HR 1.420; 95% CI 1.359\u20131.483). Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent risk elevations across all substance types, with the highest relative mortality risk observed in patients with opioid\u2010related disorders. All associations were statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Co\u2010occurring SUDs are strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all\u2010cause mortality in T2DM patients. However, these associations should be interpreted cautiously due to potential residual confounding despite propensity score matching. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated risk assessment alongside tailored preventive and therapeutic strategies in this high\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T02:24:29Z","timestamp":1781576669000},"page":"7993-8003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Elevated Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Cannabis, Opioid, and Cocaine Use Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6240-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona Mei\u2010Jung","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3084-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan Qi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0227-5911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Ting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine Landseed International Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7932-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Kai","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319878371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01516-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32275-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31789-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7123a1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"The Opioid Crisis: Prevalence and Markets of Opioids","volume":"34","author":"Gardner E. 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